When will bitter chrysanthemum sow? What conditions do you meet to grow well?

Bitter chrysanthemum, also known as bitter thistle, dog tooth lettuce, annual or biennial herbs, bitter chrysanthemum root is conical, vertical extension, there are most fibrous roots. Bitter chrysanthemum is widely distributed and is planted all over the world. It is suitable for raw food, cold salad and soup. When will bitter chrysanthemum sow? What conditions do you meet to grow well?

When will the bitter chrysanthemum be sown?

In the north, spring sowing is suitable; in the south, it can be sown in spring and autumn. However, in order to make use of winter fallow fields and solve the shortage of green forage grass in winter and spring, it is better to sow in autumn; in the south of the mid-tropics, seeds can be sowed in all seasons. Because the seeds of bitter chrysanthemum have no dormancy period, they can be sowed and produced in the same year.

Second, the growth conditions of bitter chrysanthemum.

Bitter chrysanthemum likes cold and cool, likes dampness and water, is fond of fertilizer, is not tolerant to drought, and is more hardy. It can be planted on hillsides, under forests, fields, open spaces or near water at an altitude of 170-3200 meters. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 15: 17 ℃, the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 12: 20 ℃, the suitable temperature for plant growth is 10: 20 ℃, the growth is slow at 5 ℃, and the short-term low temperature of-10 ℃ can still keep green. Bitter chrysanthemum is suitable to be planted in sandy soil or clay with loose soil, rich organic matter and good water and fertility conservation, and the pH of 6-6.5 is slightly acidic to neutral.

3. Key points of cultivation techniques of bitter chrysanthemum.

1. Cultivation season: if greenhouse, greenhouse and shade cooling facilities are used, planting can be arranged according to market demand all the year round to achieve annual supply.

2. Seedling raising or direct seeding: the method of raising seedlings of bitter chicory is similar to that of lettuce. Each mu of field needs nursery bed 8 Mill 10 square meters, seed 20 Rue 25 grams. The seedbed should be fattened before sowing and covered with moisture after sowing to benefit the whole seedling. Direct seeding fields require loose and fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation. Each mu is ploughed and raked to form a flat bed with a width of 2m and 3 meters. When sowing, open a shallow trench on the border with a row spacing of 20ml / 25cm, then spread the seeds evenly into the ditch and cover the fine soil. If there is not enough soil moisture when sowing, water should be watered first to make soil moisture, and so the soil moisture should be sown at the right time. If the seeds can be germinated and sown, the effect of the seedlings will be better. After sowing to ensure that the border surface is moist, after emergence and time seedlings, fixed seedlings, the appropriate distance between rows and plants is generally 2515 cm. The seedling age of seedling transplanting was about 30 days, and the plant spacing was the same as that of direct seeding when it was planted with 5 true leaves.

3. Field management: the seedlings irrigated by hole irrigation or furrow irrigation were used in planting, and the seedlings were fully irrigated once after the seedlings were slowed down. When the field humidity was suitable, the soil moisture was preserved by ploughing and loosening the soil to promote the development of roots and the growth of leaves. On the basis of applying sufficient basic fertilizer, bitter chicory should apply little or no chemical fertilizer as far as possible to ensure its quality. When the temperature of autumn and winter chicory planted in the greenhouse decreases gradually, the temperature should be adjusted by increasing heat preservation equipment and ventilation, so that it can keep 15 ℃ 20 ℃ during the day and 10 ℃ at night. After planting in spring and summer, the temperature gradually increases and sunshine increases, which is disadvantageous to growth. Should set up shed to cover Reed curtain, sunshade net and so on to cool down, but should uncover flexibly according to the weather condition, cannot cover to the end.

4. Harvest: generally, it can be harvested in 40 days after planting, and the direct seeding can be sold with the growth of the plant to increase the early yield, generally about 2500 kg per mu.