How to move from "small contract" to "large Operation"

Land trusteeship is that under the condition that farmers' land use rights, farmers' management subjects and farmers' beneficiaries remain unchanged, new operators such as farmers' cooperatives and large grain growers carry out unified management of their contracted land in accordance with the requirements of farmers. Unified service is a good way to effectively solve the problems of "who will farm the field" and "how to farm", and it is a new form of the combination of "small contract and big operation". It is a replicable model generally welcomed by migrant workers and left-behind farmers in cities.

Shuangfeng Harvest Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province is the pathfinder of this kind of large-scale operation of land 'non-transfer'. After five years of development, the society now has 158 members and more than 160 sets of advanced large-scale agricultural machinery. the machinery operation service area covers more than 30 villages and towns in 4 counties (cities and districts) of Xiangzhou District, Zaoyang City, Yicheng City and Xinye County, Henan Province, and has won the honorary titles such as "National Farmers' Professional Cooperative demonstration Society" and "National Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative demonstration Society". What is most commendable is that they have explored the establishment of a land trusteeship model, covering an area of more than 100000 mu, covering 8 townships and 20, 000 farmers in Hubei and Henan provinces. it has been unanimously supported and generally praised by the local people, especially the whole family, migrant workers, business farmers and elderly left-behind farmers.

Wang Junzheng, member of the standing Committee of the Hubei Provincial CPC Committee and secretary of the Xiangyang Municipal CPC Committee, concluded after investigation: "Xiangyang Shuangfeng Harvest Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative has realized large-scale operation without transferring land on the basis of agricultural machinery service and by means of land trusteeship. It has promoted the popularization and application of agricultural science and technology, achieved agricultural efficiency and increased farmers' income. This business model is a new form of realization of the two-tier management system in rural areas. "

Agricultural technology and agricultural machinery are the "two wheels of the car and the two wings of the bird" of agricultural modernization. The left-behind farmers especially like this "two-in-one" service.

Song Tao, chairman of Shuangfeng Farm Machinery Professional Cooperative, introduced his experience of serving farmers for 13 years. The land trusteeship model he led is divided into three ways and has gone through four stages.

It started with order agriculture. Song Tao used to be an assistant agronomist in Zhangjiaji Town, Xiangzhou District. In 2002, he started his own business, gave full play to his technical and service advantages, and used improved variety promotion, technical guidance and order purchase to guide farmers to grow high-quality rice. During this period, he found that the cost of purchasing rice grown by scattered households was high, the standards were difficult to be unified, and the rate of processed head rice was low. He began to think about how to change household-by-household planting into a village-by-village unified planting, so as to standardize and scale the production of high-quality rice and improve grain quality.

Sprouting in the promotion of agricultural machinery. In 2008, when Song Tao went to the countryside, he met Zhou Mingjiang, a farmer who was planting rice seedlings. Zhou was old and ill and could not bend over, so he had to crawl in the muddy water and insert it. This scene deeply stung Song Tao, an agricultural worker: now that young and middle-aged people have gone to work in cities, and the elderly cannot grow land, can they provide mechanized services on the basis of providing agricultural technology for farmers?

People have good wishes for heaven's help. At that time, the Agricultural Mechanization Office of Xiangzhou District was experimenting with the promotion of agricultural tools and technology for mechanical transplanting rice seedlings in some places, and Song Tao actively participated and mobilized seven farmers to buy large rotary tillers, rice transplanters, harvesters, and other equipment in partnership, forming a small team to serve farmers. First of all, they carried out standardized planting experiments and mechanical transplanting demonstration in the 400 mu paddy fields of three groups in Zhouyi Village, adopting unified seed supply, unified seedling raising, unified fertilization, unified mechanical transplanting, and mechanized operation in the links of raising and transplanting rice seedlings. The service charge adopts the method of "eating noodles before paying the bill" and collecting from farmers after the unified purchase of grain. Farmers are happy to accept this mode of production, which saves effort, labor and money. After the autumn harvest that year, each family calculated that 400 mu of experimental land increased by more than 150 jin per mu, and the rate of head rice was also increased by nearly 10 percentage points after mechanical harvesting and processing.

As a result, Song Tao realized that the left-behind farmers particularly welcome the "two-in-one" service of agricultural technology and agricultural machinery. Agricultural technology and agricultural machinery are the "two wheels of cars and the two wings of birds" of agricultural modernization, and the scale and standardization of agricultural production must be combined with mechanization. in order to better achieve. There was an incident in the process of promoting mechanized rice transplanting. On that day, we agreed to transplant rice seedlings for Song Shuicheng, a farmer in his 50s, and the rice transplanter was turned on to the ground, but Song Shuicheng's field was not ready yet. He was using his own small agricultural machinery to complete the field. The whole thing could not reach the standard of machine transplanting, and Song Tao and Song Shuicheng were worried at both ends of the day. Song Shuicheng said: "from now on, it would be better for you to take care of the whole field and transplanting rice seedlings. You can set a suitable price and cover the whole production process, so that our families will not have to work hard."

Song Shuicheng's words brightened Song Tao's heart, and he considered expanding the scope of agricultural machinery services to provide services for the whole process of farmers' production, or to "half-package" or "fully cover" farmers' production links according to the different needs of farmers. just like opening a restaurant, cook a few dishes that suit the farmers' taste, so that the farmers can eat what they want.

It is shaped in three ways. Zhou Mingjiang is one of the first farmers to enjoy the "a la carte service". In 2009, he signed semi-managed services such as cultivated land, wheat harvesting and rice transplanting with Song Tao.

"semi-trusteeship of land saves both money and effort." Zhou Mingjiang calculated an account: according to the trusteeship agreement, mechanical transplanting charges 80 yuan per mu. If you please transplant rice seedlings manually, two people can finish planting in a day, and you have to pay 160 yuan for wages, plus food, tobacco, alcohol and other expenses, at least 200 yuan per mu of land. "according to the calculation, 15 mu of rice has saved nearly 2,000 yuan!"

In that year, the mechanized service area of rice signed with Song Tao grew to 1800 mu, of which Zhoudang Village alone expanded to 1000 mu. According to the needs of agricultural production and equipped with services according to production links, Song Tao set up machine ploughing service team, machine collection service team, machine insertion service team, machine defense service team, and acquisition service team. At the same time, the actual price of the service was announced to the society, including 15 yuan / mu of cultivated land, 30 yuan / mu of the whole field, 120 yuan / mu of raising seedlings, 60 yuan / mu of transplanting seedlings, 60 yuan / mu of field management and 50 yuan / mu of machine cutting.