How do you plant grape seedlings? How to manage the grape seedling stage?

After the grape seedlings were planted, although the grape seedlings did not bear fruit in the same year, the quality of management was directly related to the yield and quality of the following years. Everyone must know the truth, but how to grow grape seedlings? How to manage the grape seedling stage?

First, how to plant grape seedlings?

1. Preparatory work

As the saying goes: if you want to do good work, you must first sharpen its tools. Before planting grapes, such as garden planning, posture, varieties and so on, we should make a good plan, especially in the selection of seedlings. It is recommended to buy seedlings from regular channels to ensure the purity and survival rate of seedlings.

Requirements for high quality grape seedlings:

The root system of ① was well developed and there was no nodule, root-knot nematode and branch disease.

The buds of ② were full, with more than 3 full buds.

③ grafted seedling scion base, cutting seedling root neck diameter of more than 0.5cm grade 1 or 2 grade high quality cutting seedlings or grafted seedlings with good healing interface.

2. Seedling planting

Excavation of planting ditch by ⑴

The grape has a long life, and it needs a large underground nutrient volume to grow in a fixed position for many years after planting, but the young tissue of grape root is fleshy, and its growth point extends downward and outward and stops when it encounters resistance, so it is best to plant in trenches, and the growth in the later stage of hole planting is not as good as that in ditches.

Planting ditch bottom can be covered with a layer of crop straw, organic fertilizer mixed soil backfill, per mu can use mature organic fertilizer 2 square + appropriate amount of biological bacterial fertilizer + 50-100 kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 25-50 kg balanced compound fertilizer + a small amount of micro-fertilizer, and then pour through the water to settle, and then use topsoil to fill the planting ditch, the topsoil is about 30 cm thick, no organic fertilizer is applied to avoid fertilizer damage to the root.

The above work had better be completed from December of the first year to January of the year of planting, so as to facilitate the soil weathering and loosening in winter.

⑵ seedling finishing

Pruning: the seedling leaves 3-5 full buds; cut off the disabled root, cut the lateral root short, cut out the new wound, and retain the root length of about 15-20 cm.

Soak in water: after pruning, soak the seedlings in clean water for 12-24 hours to make the seedlings fully absorb water.

Disinfection: before planting, the seedlings were diluted with pyrethroid insecticides and soaked for 15 minutes to remove root nodule aphids and other hidden dangers; then dipped in branches and vines with stone-sulfur mixture to kill overwintering pathogens, scales and mites.

Key points of ⑶ colonization

Planting time: generally planted in spring. Single film mulch in the Beginning of Spring began to plant seedlings; open air and rain shelter, sting until the Spring Equinox is the best time.

Specific operation: ① determines the planting point according to the determined plant distance, digging a planting hole with a depth of 40 cm and a diameter of 40 cm; ② will cut off the high-quality grape seedlings with overlong vines and roots, and soak the roots with rooting products to improve the rooting number and survival rate; ③ makes the roots of seedlings evenly distributed in the planting holes, and then seal the soil and lift seedlings to stretch the grape roots. The grafting interface of ④ grafted seedlings should be more than 5 cm higher than the border or ridge surface, and the planting holes should be watered according to soil moisture.

Note: ① grape seedlings should not be planted too deep, it is easy to cause sitting seedlings or stiff seedlings or even death. After ② planting, the first water should be flooded and must be filled thoroughly. The planting is settled naturally to form a small canal. When cracks appear in ③ soil, the second water is irrigated with less water to promote rooting.

⑷ mulching plastic film

Use black plastic film or horticultural ground cloth to keep moisture and moisture, improve soil temperature, restrain weeds and promote the rapid growth of grapes.

Generally, seedlings can take root and sprout 15-20 days after planting. At this time, the inspection should be strengthened and a few ungerminated seedlings can be opened to cover the soil, so as to prevent the buds from being pressed under the plastic film or the upper buds are not sprouting. Cover it again with fine soil in time after inspection. The seedlings that did not survive should be replanted in time.

3. Branch culture

⑴ sprouting: after the seedlings germinate, wipe the buds and leave two full buds. The grafted seedlings must choose the buds on the upper part of the grafting interface.

⑵ binding: leave a strong new shoot when the new shoot grows to 20 cm, and break the grafting membrane in time when the new tip of the grafted seedling is 30 cm long, so as to avoid constricting the branches and vines and affect the growth. Tie the new shoots to the upright bamboo pole or rope in time, and cultivate the trunk with upright and smooth transport of water and nutrients.

According to the cultivation frame type, set up the shelf in time, cultivate the main vine, and pick the heart of the main vine many times to promote flower bud differentiation. If the operation of coring and shoots is not standard, it is easy to make the new shoots in the state of consuming nutrition for a long time, and it is not easy to form flower buds.

Shape frame branch vine culture: ① when the new shoot is 30 cm away from the bottom drawing, remove 10 cm new shoot; ② retain the top of the two secondary shoots, and so on to 10 cm away from the bottom drawing, then remove 10 cm and then retain 2 secondary shoots, cross oblique upward binding; under the ideal growth condition of ③, 4 main vines can be cultivated in the same year, and the main vine is coring once every 6 leaves.

Cultivation of branches with the word "one" shaping on the flat shelf: when the new shoots grow up to 10 cm from the grape shelf, ① will remove 10 cm new shoots, retain the two secondary shoots from the top, and cross-bind them on the frame surface; ② main vines are coring once every 6 leaves, and the secondary shoots are cultured in the mode of "6 leaves + 5 leaves + 5 leaves" to grow into fruiting mother branches in the coming year.

Second, how to manage grape seedling stage?

1. Fertilization management

15-20 days after the grape seedling sprouted, the new shoot of the grape grew to 6-8 leaves, and the tendrils could be fertilized only when the tendrils had grown and grew normally.

In order to promote plant growth and take shape as soon as possible, nitrogen fertilizer should be the main fertilizer supply in the early stage, and adhere to the principle of "less and then more, eat less and eat more".

In the later stage of growth, in order to increase the nutrient accumulation of the plant, increase the root system, enrich the main vine and improve the Lignification of branches, the growth should be controlled. In this period, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer can be stopped, proper amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to the root and foliar fertilizer of phosphorus and potassium should be sprayed on the leaf.

Note: the concentration and dosage of ① fertilizer should be appropriate to avoid root burning. ② should supply water or combine fertilizer and water in time after applying fertilizer.

2. Water management

In that year, planting to promote seedling growth water is more important than fertilizer, which must be paid attention to. After watering the grape seedlings in the first two waters, the grape seedlings can be properly refined to force the roots to look for water. After the new tip grows to 10-20 cm, water is watered every half a month. When the new tip grows to 30-40 cm, water should be watered every 20 days to keep the soil moist and not watered when the soil moisture is good. In the later stage of growth, the number of watering and the amount of watering were reduced, and even stopped watering.

3. Pest control

In the newly built vineyard, grape diseases and insect pests are relatively mild, so we should pay attention to the harm of beetles, green bug bugs and black pox in the early stage, while Rain Water mainly prevents and controls downy mildew in more areas in the later stage.

Note: when ① finds diseases, the main therapeutic agents are combined with protective agents; ② downy mildew should focus on the back of leaves; phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizer can be added when spraying to improve tree potential and strengthen photosynthesis.