How to select seeds when sowing winter wheat? What do you need to pay attention to?

Winter wheat is the main wheat planted in our country. Winter wheat is generally sown from mid-late September to early October and matures from the end of May to mid-late June the following year. Due to the abnormal changes in climatic and production conditions in recent years, special attention should be paid to the sowing process of wheat, so how to select seeds? What do you need to pay attention to?

First, how to select winter wheat?

It is very important to choose a variety. Sowing spring and weak winter varieties in the middle and early stubble plots will lead to the growth of wheat seedlings before winter, which is not conducive to safe overwintering. On the basis of early hoeing and suppression, the roots should be surrounded by the soil before winter, or covered with "masked dung" to protect the wheat seedlings safely through the winter.

1. Cold resistance

Wheat varieties have three different types: spring, semi-winter and winter. wheat varieties should have a certain degree of cold resistance, but it is not required that the more cold-resistant the better, as long as the local autumn sowing can survive the winter safely. Winter wheat varieties such as Xindong 22, Xindong 33 and Xindong 41 can be selected for planting winter wheat in Kuitun reclamation area.

2. Disease resistance

The main hazards to wheat production are: three rust, powdery mildew and total erosion disease, so growers should carefully understand the introduction of disease resistance of varieties when purchasing seeds.

3. Prematurity

Early maturity or proper maturity is an important condition for high and stable yield of wheat. Early-maturing varieties can avoid or reduce some natural disasters, such as hot and dry wind and high temperature diseases during grain filling and maturity.

4. Lodging resistance

Only by selecting the varieties with strong lodging resistance can we further increase the yield and achieve high and stable yield. generally, the plant height of 70 Murray 85 cm is ideal in field production. Xindong 22 has strong lodging resistance and Xindong 41 is weak. Growers should choose according to their own soil fertility level and management level.

Second, what are the points for attention in sowing winter wheat?

1. Pay attention to tillage and land preparation

The purpose of tillage and soil preparation is to achieve deep plough layer, coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil, moderate tightness of the soil, strong water and fertilizer conservation capacity, and good ground leveling, which meets the requirements of wheat sowing and creates conditions for the good growth of whole seedlings, strong seedlings and plants.

In recent years, the area of rotary tillage is very large, and the wheat fields that are not ploughed by rotary tillage for many years form a solid plough bottom below the 15cm of rotary ploughing, which affects the root system, water infiltration, less soil water storage and early senescence of wheat in the later stage. It should be ploughed for 2 to 3 years and ploughed for 1 year to get rid of the plough bottom. In addition, the surface soil of rotary tillage wheat field is loose, if it is not raked before sowing, the phenomenon of sowing too deep will occur, forming deep sowing weak seedlings, affecting the occurrence of wheat tillering, resulting in insufficient number of spikes and reducing yield, so attention should be paid to rotary tillage before raking and sowing.

In addition, post-sowing suppression is also very important. through the investigation, it is found that in the case of drought, the wheat field suppressed after sowing is more drought-resistant, so it advocates post-sowing suppression.

2. Do not sow seeds too early or too late

(1) sowing prematurely

If the wheat is sown too early, the leaves are long and narrow, drooping and lack of tillers after the seedlings are unearthed, and the young spikes of the main stem and part of the large tillers enter the two-edge stage before winter, and freezing injury will occur when the low temperature of-10 ℃ is encountered in winter. Therefore, sowing should be timely suppressed to inhibit the growth of the main stem and tillers; after pressing, the hoe should be rowed in time, and if necessary, 0.2% Rue 0.3% solution should be sprayed on the leaves to control overgrowth and resist frost damage.

(2) sowing too late

Due to the short growth period and insufficient accumulated temperature before winter, the growth of wheat seedlings is thin and there are few tillers. Therefore, wheat farmers should mainly paddle hoe and fertilize and replenish water, apply nitrogen fertilizer in time in the three-leaf stage, and irrigate tillering water in time after the three-leaf stage in the wheat field with poor soil moisture and rapid water seepage. If the soil moisture is suitable or the soil is heavy and permeable, it is not suitable to be watered before winter.

3. Sowing should not be too deep or too shallow

(1) sowing is too shallow

The suitable sowing depth of wheat is 3-5 cm, the sowing is too shallow, the wheat seedlings grow creeping, the tiller nodes are exposed, the tillers are many and small, and are easy to be frozen and aged prematurely. It is suggested that wheat farmers should suppress the wheat seedlings several times before emergence, combine with hoeing to surround the roots after emergence, and if necessary, cover with guest soil or cover "masked dung" during the overwintering period to prevent overwintering from freezing.

(2) sowing too deep

If the wheat is sown more than 5 centimeters, it is too deep. Sowing too deep will lead to slow emergence of wheat, slender leaves, few and small tillers, few and weak secondary roots, and yellow and thin wheat seedlings. It is necessary to pick the soil and clear the trees in time, start from the center of the border with bamboo rake or iron rake, cuddle along the ridge, and when you reach the last line, drag all the remaining soil onto the back of the border. Remind wheat farmers that for wheat sown at the right time, clearing trees before winter usually starts at the two-leaf stage and ends at the time of "Lesser Snow".

4. Do not use herbicides when wheat seedlings are weak and roots are exposed.

In general, straw will be returned to the field in winter wheat fields, and the plots are relatively loose. if you encounter abnormal weather years, such as warm and dry years, it must be noted that the roots of wheat may be too loose to tie deeply, or part of the roots are exposed. Such wheat is easy to cause frostbite and lack of water, such wheat seedlings are the most sensitive and fragile, if herbicides are easy to cause some damage to wheat at this time.