What kind of management should be done before grape picking?

Grape is one of the common fruits in daily life, and there are many varieties. In recent years, the economic benefit of grape planting has been improved. During the critical period of grape pre-harvest management, good management can promote the accumulation of nutrients in grape, enhance stress resistance, promote fruit coloring, increase sugar and improve fruit maturity. What kind of management should be done before picking the grapes? What are the problems of fertilization after harvest?

What kind of management work should be done before grape picking?

1. Reasonable leaf retention and yield control

The yield and quality of grapes depend on the leaf area. According to the study, the grape per panicle has a leaf area of less than 2280 square centimeters, and the fruit grows slowly. The yield per mu of grape is controlled at 1250 kg, each ear has 25 leaves, the sugar content reaches 16% to 17% at maturity, the color is good, the fruit is elastic, the hardness is strong, the ratio of sugar to acid is moderate, and the flavor is very good.

In management, by thinning fruit, each new shoot leaves a bunch of fruit, and the ear weighs about 500 grams. According to this ear standard, about 25 leaves are left on each new shoot, 6 leaves are left on the flower ear to top, and 1 leaf is left on each sub-shoot below the top.

The young leaves and immature new shoots were cut off during the fruit coloring period, so that the fruit could get sufficient nutrients, uniform color, high sugar content and less disease.

2. Applying potash fertilizer during fruit coloring period

Grape is a "potassium-loving" fruit tree, potassium plays a role in increasing sugar and reducing acid. Fruit quality depends to a large extent on the type and quantity of sugar contained in the fruit. During the period of hard core softening, the absorption of potassium reached its peak. During this period, the application of potassium fertilizer per mu of 30-40 kg / mu made the grape fruit color fast, sugar content increased by 2 to 3 degrees, and the fruit had high fructose content and sweet flavor.

In addition, the root system of grape began to decline in the middle and later stage, and fertilization should be based on water and fertilizer, 100 jin of water + 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate + 10% superphosphate leaching solution, 5 kg per plant, once every seven days, 2-3 times in a row.

3. Supplement calcium fertilizer and control water in the later stage.

When the ratio of nitrogen to calcium is 10:00, calcium deficiency generally does not occur, when it is more than 30, calcium deficiency occurs. In other words, when 25 kg of urea is applied per mu and 10 kg of quicklime must be applied, the grapes do not show calcium deficiency; calcium is supplemented through leaves during the softening and coloring period of grapes.

In this period, relying on the absorption of calcium by roots can not meet the demand of calcium for fruit, without foliar application of calcium fertilizer, the fruit shows calcium symptoms in the later stage. Generally, 0.3-0.4% calcium chloride or a mixture of calcium nitrate and 0.1% boric acid can be sprayed on leaves and ears, once every 7-10 days, 2 times in a row.

Release the bag 10-15 days before ripening, and irrigate once 15 days before unpacking to ensure soil moisture and promote the transport of calcium in the grape; irrigation should be strictly controlled from coloring period to ripening period of grapes, and irrigation should be stopped 20 days before harvest, which is beneficial to increase the firmness and sugar content of mature fruits, especially the grapes cultivated in shelter from rain.

In the later stage, black plastic film was used to cover the box surface to ensure that the soil moisture did not change much, prevent the soil from being dry and not wet before and after rain, and drain the water in the vineyard in time after rain to prevent grape fruit cracking during ripening.

Second, what are the problems of fertilization after grape harvest?

1. No autumn fertilizer is applied or the time is not right

Although we have always stressed the importance of fertilizing in autumn, many growers are busy selling grapes in autumn, so they simply don't get fat in autumn, and some go up very late or in spring. Once again, no matter how busy it is, the autumn fertilizer of grapes must be applied as early as possible after grape harvest, so that the absorption and utilization rate is high.

2. The manure (organic fertilizer) applied is not mature or the application position is not correct.

Whether it is chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure, must be fermented and mature, otherwise there will be root burning, breeding root diseases and insect pests and a series of situations; in addition, autumn fertilization must be ditch or hole application, can not directly spread manure to the surface.