Organic Agriculture: how to go in the Future?

The development of organic agriculture in China sprang up in the 1980s, but the long-term positioning test is quite limited. The main long-term positioning tests in China include Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Handan City, Hebei Province, Shanghai Songjiang Natural Organic vegetable Research and Development Base, Shanghai Baiouhuan Organic Farm, Nanjing Yiyang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., organic vegetable base and so on.

Among them, the orientation experiment of organic agriculture in Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University began in March 2002, and there are three comparative models: 1. Conventional planting pattern; 2. Pollution-free planting model; 3. Organic planting mode.

After 13 years of long-term research, the main experimental results show that: 1. The crop yield of organic planting mode can be equal to or even exceed that of conventional planting mode. Organic planting model can greatly improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil; 3. Organic planting mode is obviously superior to conventional planting in increasing Vc, soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solids, total amino acids and reducing nitrate content of vegetables. The soil nitrogen pollution risk of organic planting model is not obvious and the interception of nitrogen is obvious. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the 2-meter soil layer of organic soil is 50% of that of the conventional control. The organic planting pattern showed strong disease resistance and organic soil could significantly improve the disease resistance.

From the results of the long-term positioning experiment of Quzhou organic agriculture, the following enlightenment can be obtained: 1. Organic agriculture can produce high yields. The yield of organic crops can achieve high yield after input guarantee and conversion period, and the occurrence of low yield is closely related to low input nutrients and uncompleted soil conversion. 2. Organic soil is the healthiest soil. Organic soil shows a high level in terms of soil micromorphology, organic matter, soil nutrient index and biodiversity. Healthy soil is the basis of healthy plants and animals. The occurrence of organic soil diseases is less. Many years of organic planting experiments show that organic soil and organic planting system show a lower incidence, and this trend is more and more obvious, organic soil shows obvious disease resistance. 4. The environmental risk of organic agriculture is low. Studies on soil nitrate accumulation, greenhouse gases N2O and CO2 show that organic planting model shows low environmental risk, indicating that organic agriculture is an environment-friendly planting model.

The long-term experiment of organic agriculture reveals some scientific and technological sticking points in the development of sustainable agriculture, which can provide some policy, technical and organizational guidance for the further development of agriculture.

From the policy level, the macro decision-making of China's agricultural development should be considered: 1. Deeply analyze and summarize the experience of agricultural transformation in developed countries, and establish the basic laws and regulations of agricultural environmental protection transformation in China from the top-level design; 2. Strengthen the environmental protection and ecological functions of agriculture, environmental protection and other departments, correspondingly establish different levels of government management agencies, and coordinate the institutional support system of relevant scientific research institutions; 3. To coordinate the national agriculture-related subsidy policy, abolish the subsidy policy that is not conducive to environmental protection, and adjust and establish the preferential subsidy policy system of environment-friendly agriculture; 4. To modify the certification and management system of ecological agricultural products, the green sign needs to propose the specific proportion of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, encourage the development of organic agriculture, and implement ecological compensation system for ecological farms and organic farms. 5. Launch a new round of national eco-agricultural construction action plan, earnestly coordinate the layout and construction of agriculture and the environment from the regional level; 6, carry out soil, water, atmospheric monitoring network and rural ecological environment construction planning.

At the technical level, the measures that should be taken include: 1. Attach importance to the basic and applied research of organic agriculture from the national level, and realize that the research of organic agriculture will lead the sustainable development of China's agriculture in the future. 2. Encourage the training of organic agricultural research and technical personnel in universities, especially grass-roots technical personnel; 3. Strongly support the research and popularization of organic agriculture-related alternative technologies, including organic biological fertilizer technology, biological pest control technology and various ecological technologies; 4. To promote the international exchange of organic agricultural technology, especially the cooperation of organic technology between China, Japan and South Korea in Asia.

At the organizational level, the establishment of large-scale organic farms, collaboration among organic farms and cooperation between organic producers and consumers should be encouraged, while the establishment of organic agricultural alliances and platforms should be encouraged to accelerate the integration and linkage of technology, market and information.

Organic agriculture should not be regarded as the "high-end" serving the minority, but should be regarded as the guide and commanding point of the sustainable development of agriculture in our country. It not only means the new beach of technological innovation, but also means the new direction of industrial development and the main battlefield of new farms.