Introduction to the planting time and Technical points of Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula vegetable originated in China and India, to tender stems and leaves for food, fried food, cold, boiling soup can be, the texture is tender and smooth. Agaric vegetables contain more calcium and vitamins, and have the characteristics of low calories, often eat to lower blood pressure, liver and other effects. In addition, Auricularia auricula vegetables rarely occur diseases and insect pests, is the production of pollution-free vegetables. The planting time and technical points of Auricularia auricula are introduced as follows:

I. planting time of Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula is generally sown in April and harvested in June. It can usually be sown and cultivated in the open field when the temperature is above 20 ℃, and those mainly harvesting tender stems and leaves enter the harvest period about 50 days after sowing. Auricularia auricula is resistant to high temperature and humidity, and generally grows in loose and fertile sandy soil. The optimum temperature for seed germination is about 25 ℃, and the suitable temperature for plant growth is 25-30 ℃. Soil moisture is needed during the whole growth period. Some varieties have strict requirements for high temperature and short days, and most varieties are not strict about sunshine.

II. Key points of planting techniques of Auricularia auricula

1. Cultivation methods

When cultivated in summer and autumn, there is no need to sprout. The amount of seeds used for sowing is 6-8 kg per mu, and the effective number of seedlings is 30,000 plants per mu.

2. Select varieties

It is appropriate to choose good varieties of Auricularia auricula with high quality, high yield and disease resistance, such as Auricularia auricula and Auricularia auricula.

3. Field management

(1) Management mode

Those who mainly feed on tender shoots, leave 3-4 leaves at the base when the seedling height is about 30 cm, harvest tender shoots and leave two robust lateral buds to form shoots. When the second shoot was harvested, 2-4 lateral buds were left to form shoots, and in the peak growth period, each plant had 6-8 strong lateral buds. In the middle and later stages, the young buds of flower stems should be erased in time, and 1-2 strong lateral shoots should be left in the later stage to facilitate leaf hypertrophy.

For the purpose of picking leaves, it is necessary to set up a frame for cultivation. When the seedling height is about 30 cm, build a herringbone frame to introduce the vine on the shelf. In addition to leaving the main vine, two strong lateral vines are left at the base to form a backbone vine. When the backbone vine grows to the top of the frame, a strong lateral bud is left from each backbone after coring. The backbone vine is cut off the shelf after the leaves are picked. It is necessary to cultivate soil when it is on the shelf and after each harvest, or it is not necessary to set up a frame to harvest tender shoots.

(2) weeding by ploughing

After the emergence of direct seeding, during the growth period, it is necessary to timely plough and weed control to prevent weeds from competing for nutrients.

(3) fertilization and watering

It is better to use farm manure, livestock and poultry manure as base fertilizer. Topdressing is applied with mature human and animal manure or urea dissolved water. After emergence, the soil should be kept moist and watered at the right time. Apply 10 kg urea in time after each harvest, and drainage and waterlogging prevention should be carried out in time in the rainy season.

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The common disease of Auricularia auricula is brown spot, which can be sprayed with 72% Kelou wettable powder 500-600 times at the initial stage. If Spodoptera litura damage occurs, it is found that more tender leaf tips have small eyes, pyrethroid insecticides can be sprayed once at the age of 1-2 years old. Root-knot nematode disease may also occur in continuous cropping of Auricularia auricula, and the implementation of crop rotation can reduce or avoid the occurrence of the disease.

4. Scientific harvesting

For those who mainly pick tender shoots, 2 true leaves are left at the base when the seedling is about 30 cm high, cut off with scissors, and then harvested according to the above method when the germinating lateral branches have 5-6 true leaves. The young leaves should be harvested once in the early 15-20 days, 10-15 days in the middle growth stage, and once in the later 7-10 days. The harvested leaves should be fully expanded but not yet old, and the leaves should be thick. Generally, the yield of tender shoots is 2000-4000 kg per mu.