What are the key points of high-yield planting techniques of bottle gourd? How to prevent and cure coal pollution disease?

Bottle gourd is one of the common vegetables, which was only grown in the south in the past. as it is very popular in the vegetable market, bottle gourd is gradually growing in the north. What are the key points of high-yield planting techniques of bottle gourd? How to prevent and cure coal pollution disease with bottle gourd?

What are the key points of high-yield planting techniques of bottle gourd?

1. Planting mode

Bottle gourd can be direct seeded in the open field before the final frost, or can be planted after raising seedlings in protected land. The seeds need to be treated before sowing. The seeds need to be soaked for 24 hours for 48 hours, and then sowed, the seed amount per mu is 250 grams. The management of bottle gourd at seedling stage is the same as that of spring cucumber. Can refer to cucumber seedling raising technology.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

Bottle gourd seedlings were raised in a hotbed and sown from the end of February to the first ten days of March, with a seed consumption of 3.75 grams per hectare. Soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes before sowing, then put them into a constant temperature of 25: 30 ℃ to accelerate germination, wait for the buds to sprout, and sow them in a nutrition bowl. The seedling stage should be kept warm and cold, ventilated and transparent, and the soil should be kept dry and wet properly. The seedling age is about 30-35 days. The seedlings were refined at low temperature about 10 days before planting.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization

Bottle gourd chooses oil sandy soil rich in humus as cultivation field, which requires that melon crops have not been planted for 2-3 years. Turn 20cm to 25cm in time after the previous harvest, and apply sufficient base fertilizer, 3000kg to 45000kg per hectare of rotten organic fertilizer, 15000kg to 22500kg of human feces and urine or 1500kg to 1875kg of cake fertilizer, 300kg to 400kg of superphosphate.

4. Timely planting

10 days before planting, the bottle gourd was made according to the border height of 20cm to 25cm, the width of the border to 100cm, the width of the furrow to 50cm, and then covered with plastic film to be planted. The distance between planting plants is 0.67 meters, digging holes to plant single seedlings, watering and fixing roots. Before ploughing, the weeds were weeded once with gram traces, and then butachlor was sprayed once after soil preparation, before transplanting.

5. Plant adjustment

Bottle gourd can be divided into scaffolding or non-framing cultivation, ground climbing without scaffolding needs to press vines to prevent wind damage, when the seedlings grow to 30 cm high, a herringbone frame is set up with a long bamboo pole of 2 to 3 meters, which crosses at about 1.3 meters. In order to facilitate side vine climbing and artificial layered vine binding, 2x 3 horizontal frames are needed. Bottle gourd is mainly composed of son vine and sun vine, so plant adjustment should be carried out, and heart picking is often carried out for 2 or 3 times to promote the occurrence of son vine and sun vine.

6. Fertilizer and water management

The growth potential of bottle gourd is weaker than that of other melons, the growth period is short, and the results are concentrated. In addition to applying base fertilizer, bottle gourd should be fertilized and irrigated. Topdressing should be applied thin and diligently. Fertilizer was applied once after planting survival and coring, and during the fruit expansion period. After the beginning of harvest, topdressing was applied for 1 or 2 times in stages to promote the growth of post-mature melons. Bottle gourd needs more water, so it should be watered in time. As a result, the bottle gourd can be watered once every two days during the drought, but if Rain Water is too long, it should be drained and waterlogged in time.

7. Timely harvest

Timely harvest can improve fruit quality and promote the upper part to continue to bear melon and follow-up melon growth, which is an important measure for early-maturing and high-yield cultivation. When the hairs of young melons basically fall off and the skin color becomes pale, the harvest time of the first batch of melons is 15-20 days after flowering, and the peak fruit period is 10-12 days after flowering.

Second, how to prevent and cure coal fouling disease with bottle gourd?

Coal fouling disease is a common disease of bottle gourd, which mainly harms the leaves, stems and fruits of bottle gourd. The primary black spotted mold on the leaf is distributed in the local part of the leaf surface or near the leaf vein, and in severe cases it covers the whole leaf surface. The pathogen of bottle gourd coal fouling disease is mycelium and conidia overwintering with diseased and residual plants in the field and can survive in the greenhouse and become the source of primary infection. Transmitted by Rain Water and aphids.

1. The cause of coal fouling disease of bottle gourd

In the weak light, high air humidity, bottle gourd coal fouling disease is easy to occur.

High temperature and humidity, in case of continuous rain, especially showers turn sunny, melon coal fouling disease is easy to occur.

2. Preventive measures for coal pollution disease of bottle gourd

In protected cultivation, we should pay attention to adjust the microclimate in the greenhouse and improve the light transmittance and heat preservation.

In the early stage of bottle gourd coal fouling disease, timely spraying medicament control, medicament can be: 50% methyl thiophanate sulfur suspension 800x liquid, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1500 times liquid, or 80% carbendazim wettable powder 600x liquid, or 50% mixed sulphur suspension 500x liquid, once every 7 days or so, 2 times in a row.