Market means to solve the problem of China's agricultural origin system construction

A few days ago, the Ministry of Commerce and other departments jointly issued the Development Plan of the National Agricultural products Market system, proposing that a market system for agricultural products with Chinese characteristics will be initially established in 2020.

The planning is based on the factors of economy and society, transportation location, population distribution and the circulation basis of agricultural products in various parts of China, combined with the national strategic arrangements such as the construction of "Belt and Road Initiative", the Yangtze River economic belt, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the distribution of major commercial functional areas and superior production and marketing areas of agricultural products throughout the country. There are about 100 national backbone agricultural products wholesale markets and eight market clusters in the areas where the production, distribution and consumption of agricultural products are concentrated throughout the country, relying on the market clusters to form a "three vertical and three horizontal" national agricultural product circulation backbone network, which is connected with the regional agricultural product circulation network.

However, there are still deficiencies in the above-mentioned system. According to the analysis of people in the industry, the market system of agricultural products covering urban and rural areas in China is still in the primary stage of development, with the lack of overall planning, unreasonable layout, low degree of organization and standardization, and asymmetric market information. problems such as lagging market system construction still exist. The plan may improve it. However, the link of "origin" in the agricultural product market is still missing.

"in our existing top-level design and existing market, we pay less attention to the market of origin. In the operation of the existing wholesale market, the existing market infrastructure and operating conditions are not conducive to the marketing of farmers. " Zhang synthetic, director of the Market and Economic Information Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said publicly before.

How to strengthen this link has become a common pursuit of the industry.

Construction of producing area system

In fact, the central level has begun to strengthen the construction of the producing area, and launched a series of plans one after another.

This year, the No. 1 document of the CPC Central Committee, "some opinions on strengthening Reform and Innovation and speeding up Agricultural Modernization", put forward "strengthening the construction of markets in producing areas of agricultural products and continuing to carry out trial sites for the construction of public welfare agricultural products wholesale markets." In June, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "outline of the National Agricultural products producing area Market" and the "Research report on the Development of China's Agricultural products Wholesale Market". The official caliber is "hope to establish a peasant household marketing service system with Chinese characteristics". To further improve the circulation capacity and efficiency of agricultural products in China.

"the construction of the market of origin is to first solve the problem of 'the first kilometer' and the 'last kilometer' of the sale of agricultural products. The 'first kilometer' means that farmers are too far from the market, or circulation services are too far from production. Recently, the State Council specially proposed to vigorously develop producer services because our circulation is too far from production and the market is too far away from farmers. " Zhang Synthetical said.

Even so, there are still many problems in the construction of agricultural product producing market, for example, the national investment in the producing market is still less, especially in some basic hardware construction, compared with Japan, South Korea and other countries, there is a large gap. In the production market construction of some of the above-mentioned countries, the government investment can reach more than 50%.

In terms of the most important grass-roots administrative regions and concepts in China's agricultural production, the regional distribution of agricultural economic development in the county is unbalanced. Some people in the industry believe that the county agricultural economic structure is unreasonable and lacks strategic adjustment of the economic structure. At the same time, as China's agricultural industrialization is still in the early stage, the value-added part of agricultural products is mainly completed in cities, resulting in many farmers failed to benefit directly.

Previously, the most macroscopic in related fields was called the construction of advantageous industrial belts, which was reflected in both the Eleventh five-year Plan and the Twelfth five-year Plan. All the main producing areas of all kinds of agricultural products will be included in this main production belt. This plan is based on the county. For example, live pigs, broilers, laying hens, dairy cows, beef cattle, mutton sheep will be included in the planning with the county as a unit. Other agricultural products will also be classified according to major categories, and some can be specific to a certain variety. " Qiao Juan, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of China Agricultural University, told China Industrial and Economic News: "this division is relatively rough, and the Ministry of Agriculture is divided according to local statistics, the scale of production for many years and the volume of commodities provided. If you enter the advantageous industrial belt, the Ministry of Agriculture or the state finance will give relevant support projects. "

"after the country has designated superior industrial belts, various provinces and municipalities actually have their own agricultural advantage areas and re-divide them when they carry out agricultural development planning. Take Beijing as an example, few have access to the country's dominant industries, but there is also agriculture in the suburbs of Beijing. Therefore, the suburbs of Beijing will draw advantageous industrial belts and industrial zones for existing industries according to local conditions, and will also carry out regional planning and regional distribution according to the original layout and future overall planning of the industry. This regional planning and regional layout are not completely equal when allocating funds to various districts and counties. " Qiao Juan said: "when the relevant policies are introduced, there will be national finance to support and help the advantageous industrial areas." On the other hand, the non-advantageous industrial areas are funded by the local government, while the central government pays relatively little. "

Lack of evaluation system

At the same time, in terms of the evaluation at the origin level, the relevant system is still missing.

"at present, China does not have a common, common sense, national standard standard of origin. At present, the cognition of origin in China is based on several sources, including historical cognition, universal experience, market effects and natural conditions. The natural condition is a relatively common and simple understanding, but from a scientific point of view, it is not complete. " Gao Haiyan, vice president and director of the first mu Tian Group, told the China Sankei News: "the judgment of a good place of origin should be viewed from many dimensions, for example, from a market-oriented point of view. It also includes a variety of factors such as market efficiency, market cost and customer recognition, and it is not necessarily a good place of origin if there is a good product. In some places, although the natural place of origin is good, the ability to turn it into products is not strong. Some products are of good quality, but the relevant supporting facilities are relatively backward and lack of peripheral services, resulting in high market-oriented costs. Therefore, good service should become one of the standard connotations of market-oriented good producing areas. But in the traditional value system or cognition, these factors are ignored. "

"in terms of origin, the government emphasizes grain bases, because the degree of self-sufficiency of agricultural products should be maintained to a certain extent to ensure national food security." Feng Xingyuan, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and deputy secretary-general of the research base of small and medium-sized banks, told China Industrial and Economic News.

In fact, many industry scholars say that China's county economy has not raised its awareness of high-quality producing areas to a sufficient level.

"this area is relatively difficult for the government, from the central government to the local government, and there is not much attention. The central government is concerned about grain, grain purchase platform and acquisition policy. For areas that are classified as superior industrial belts, there will be acquisitions with the lowest protection price. " Qiao Juan said: "as far as other varieties are concerned, this docking is more reflected in the docking of the market." A similar situation has occurred in local governments. The county government encourages the development of a number of dominant varieties in the county. However, if the back-end market can not be well connected, it will hurt the interests of farmers. Now local governments all understand that they should be guided by the market. In some areas, the fact that an industry has become an advantage industry does not mean that a county only focuses on one variety, but the influence is relatively large. The amount of investment is mainly affected by the market level, and the local government only does auxiliary work. "

As far as the origin information data serving the market level is concerned, it is difficult for the government to achieve an effective docking with the market.

"in the past, the information system of agriculture was actually relatively weak. Official monitoring data are not available, more are reported statistics, according to these statistics to complete the report from the township to the city and then to the province, so as to select the advantageous areas. The advantage areas thus selected are based on statistics at the county level. " Qiao Juan said.

"it is very difficult for the government to produce a large amount of constantly updated real-time data, which may fail." Feng Xingyuan said.

From the above information, it is not difficult to see that the micro market is out of touch with the macro economy, which can also be called "lag". Therefore, the market level is more suitable to establish an evaluation system of producing areas in line with the market law. In order to solve the above problems, the market level is looking for solutions. The booming e-commerce may bring opportunities.

A few days ago, one mu of farmland Research Institute released the platform activity of "good producing area in China". The platform aims to find a number of counties that meet its evaluation criteria to help China's agricultural counties enhance their value.

It should be noted that the criteria for judging the place of origin are closely related to specific products. Some scholars believe that the types of producing areas should be divided according to the guidance of products.

"in a certain region, there is planting and aquaculture, and there are many kinds of products, and there may be a nationally recognized dominant brand (such as Wuchang rice in Heilongjiang), which means that the region is a good place to produce this product. But this does not mean that all agricultural products in the region have an advantage. " Qiao Juan said: "the types of agricultural products are very complex and are closely related to resources and environment." The evaluation of the place of origin should still be classified by product. "