What are the diseases of edible fungi? What are the prevention and control measures?

There are many kinds of edible fungi, each kind of taste is different, the taste is also different, it contains protein, regardless of content and quality are better than ordinary vegetables. In recent years, there are more and more artificial cultivation of edible fungi, but a little improper operation is prone to disease. What are the diseases of edible fungi? What are the prevention and control measures?

What are the diseases of edible fungi?

1. Mucor

Mucor belongs to the subphylum Zygomycetes. When growing on potato sucrose Agar medium, the grayish-white to gray-black aerial hyphae grew luxuriantly, which could be 2cm higher than the culture medium. The bacteria lived on various organic substances, and the spores formed floated in the air after maturing. After settling to the surface of organic matter, as long as the temperature and humidity are suitable, the mycelium can germinate and grow. Under the condition of higher temperature and humidity, the growth rate.

2. Penicillium

In the process of cultivation, Penicillium can not only pollute the culture material in the early stage, but also infect the fruiting body in the growth stage, causing diseases in the fruiting body.

Penicillium has many species, strong adaptability, wide distribution and a large number of conidia, which is easy to be contaminated by Penicillium in the process of cultivation. In the process of Lentinus edodes cultivation, if it is contaminated by Penicillium, it is white at the beginning, and becomes light and green after 1-2 days, and it is easy to produce this bacteria in the acid environment with poor ventilation.

3. Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus flavus colony is yellowish green, there is no staining area, the colony diameter is slightly larger, up to about 5 cm. The conidiophores grow erect after they grow from the substrate and reach a height of 1 mm ~ 3 mm. The top of the stem expands to form a conidial head, a radial dense short rod-shaped conidiophores on the surface, and a series of conidia floating in the air. After settling on the organic matter, it can germinate and grow.

Second, what are the prevention and control measures of edible fungus diseases?

1. Select excellent varieties and high quality bacteria. Select excellent varieties which are suitable for local cultivation conditions and have strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.

2. The bacteria with pure, suitable age and strong vitality should be selected to ensure fast recovery, fast feeding and increased resistance to diseases and insect pests after inoculation.

3. Select high quality raw materials. Using fresh, dry, mildew-free and moth-free raw materials, the selection and preparation of culture materials should fully take into account the needs of the growth and development of cultivated varieties, so as to restrain miscellaneous bacteria and improve disease resistance. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in the storage and storage of culture materials to prevent them from being drenched in the rain, resulting in mildew and deterioration.

4. to do a good job in the environmental hygiene of the cultivation site, the mushroom room should be far away from the breeding ground, garbage heap and fecal pool, and should be close to the water source, ventilation to the sun, doors, windows and vents to install anti-insect nets. Before planting mushrooms, thorough cleaning and disinfection should be carried out inside and outside the mushroom room. The waste in production should be transported to a place far away from the mushroom house, and the production site should be free of sundries, sewage and waste.

5. Strictly follow the operating rules. In production, operators should strictly follow the operation rules in cultivation, especially the inoculation process, and the production sites, inoculation tools, packaging of bacteria and culture materials, and inoculation personnel should be carefully disinfected to ensure that they operate under aseptic conditions. and inoculation is required to be fast and efficient.

6. Create the best growth and development conditions. In the cultivation and management, according to the requirements of each variety for its growth and development conditions, the temperature, humidity, light, pH, nutrition and ventilation conditions should be managed scientifically, so as to make the whole environmental conditions suitable for the growth and development of the variety, so as to reduce the breeding of diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria.