6 key points of grape flowering management

The period from flowering to young fruit expansion is a very important stage in the growth period of grape. Whether the management at this stage is in place or not has a direct impact on the yield and quality of grapes in that year. The following is a detailed explanation of the six key points of grape flowering management.

1. Topdressing

In order to ease the competition for nutrition between vegetative growth and reproductive growth at flowering stage, and to meet the needs of flowering and fruit setting, topdressing must be carried out before and after flowering, and 0.2% Mel 0.3% boric acid or borax solution must be sprayed before flowering to promote pollen tube elongation and increase fruit setting rate. At the same time, we should pay attention to the management of branches and vines and improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the garden. In order to save nutrition consumption, the work of binding vine, removing auxiliary shoot, picking core, pinching ear tip and removing accessory ear should be carried out in time in the flowering stage of grape.

Strengthen the control of temperature and humidity

For grapes cultivated in the greenhouse, we must pay attention to the control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. In order to improve the germination rate of pollen and ensure the smooth pollination and fertilization. The temperature management index in the greenhouse should be kept at about 28 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night. Humidity control: enter the flowering period, stop irrigation, control the air humidity in the shed at about 50%, and pay attention to regular ventilation. It is difficult to control the temperature of the grapes cultivated in the open field, but the soil moisture should be loosened and reduced by measures to make the humidity in the garden conducive to flowering and fruit setting.

Third, sparse inflorescence

According to the strength of new shoots and plant load, inflorescence thinning was carried out from 10 days before flowering to the first flowering stage. there were more than 2 inflorescences on one fruit branch, thinning out the weak inflorescences, thinning the inflorescences on the weak fruit branches, reaching 1 or 2 inflorescences in strong fruit branches, 1 in strong branches and no inflorescence in weak branches.

The inflorescence of the extended branch can be controlled by leaving one inflorescence, and the prepared branch does not leave the inflorescence to make its growth strong. The retention of inflorescences is about 1 beat 4 more than expected, and those ears with serious fruit drop will be removed after fruit setting.

IV. Ear shaping

Reasonable inflorescence arrangement can greatly reduce the workload of fruit thinning, standardize the ear of fruit, facilitate fruit packaging and improve the appearance of goods.

(1) only ear tip shaping: the ear is neat and beautiful, the fruit is easy to be thinned, the workload is small, the bagging is easy, and the ear disease is less. The suitable period for inflorescence shaping is from one week before flowering to the early flowering stage. Jufeng, Xianfeng, Jingya, Cuifeng and other Jufeng varieties left spikelets with 3.5-4.5 cm of spikelets and 50-60 buds. Diploid and triploid varieties, such as Weike, Honggao, Bai Rosario, Xiahei and so on, generally leave spike tip 5~6cm.

(2) the whole panicle method of Jufeng grape variety seedless cultivation: remove the accessory spikelet and below 8: 10 spikelets, retain 15: 20 segments, and remove the spike tip.

(3) the method of cutting too long branches and whole ear: the ear is neat and beautiful, the ear disease is less, the ear size is moderate, but the operation is a little more complicated than keeping the ear tip. This method is commonly used in summer black, giant roses, sunshine roses and other varieties. From 2 days before flowering to the 3rd day after flowering, the inflorescence shoulder had 3 long branches and pinched off the excess buds, leaving buds about 1 × 1.5 cm long, and the inflorescences were cylindrical. The length of inflorescence does not need to be sorted out at this time. Inflorescences with accessory spikes, after inflorescences unfold, the accessory spikes are picked in time.

(4) every two to one branch plastic surgery: simple and practical, moderate ear size, loose, good ventilation and light, but there are many wounds in the middle of the ear, easy to get sick.

(5) Palm shaping: cut off the middle and lower part of the ear, leaving branches palmately, the ear is wide, bagging is not convenient, the permeability of the middle part of the ear is poor, it is easy to squeeze and crack the fruit, and the acid rot is serious in the later stage.

5. Artificial pollination of female flower varieties

Most grape varieties are bisexual flowers and can be fertilized naturally. However, due to the degradation of male core, female flower varieties need pollination in order to obtain higher yield. Therefore, attention must be paid to artificial pollination.

VI. Pest control

The main diseases in flowering stage of grape are downy mildew, gray mildew, ear axis brown blight, white rot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, black pox and so on. The main pests are thrips, green bug bugs, winged moths, red spiders, aphids, pink scale, beetles and so on. The grape should be 2ml 4 days before flowering, and preventive medicine must be used.