What are the key points for the management of pear flowering period?

The quality of pear flowering management is directly related to the yield and quality of pear fruit, so fine flowering management lays a solid foundation for year-round management. So what are the key points for the management of pear flowering period?

First, topdressing before flowering

Topdressing in the early stage of flowering can improve the quality of flower buds, meet the nutrition consumed by flowering, and increase the rate of fruit setting. Quick-acting fertilizer mainly compound fertilizer can be applied half a month before flowering, generally, 0.5-1 kg per adult tree, 1-2 kg urea can be added to weak trees, and the amount of fertilizer should account for 10-15% of the whole year.

Second, pre-flowering re-cutting

Pear trees with too light pruning and more flowers should be re-pruned, mainly to remove thin and weak branches, diseased and withered branches, over-dense branches, adjust the load of fruit trees, and determine the amount of flowers retained according to the amount of fruit retained. Generally, the amount of flowers retained should be 1-2 times more than the reserved amount of fruit, leaving only one flower bud per fruit table, eliminating too many flower buds, and a string of flower buds formed by growing branches of varieties that are not sensitive to pruning. It can not only make the fruiting branch close to the trunk, but also promote the occurrence of long branch in preparation for future fruit.

Third, flower thinning and artificial pollination

The flower buds of pear trees are compound buds, with as many as 5-18 flowers per inflorescence, and blooming consumes a lot of nutrients of the tree, which can concentrate the nutrient supply of the tree, increase the fruit setting rate, and sparse flowers when the inflorescence is separated, leaving 1-2 marginal flowers in each inflorescence. For varieties with low seed setting rate of self-pollination, pollination trees should be arranged properly, and if pollination varieties are not properly configured, artificial pollination should be done by manual pollination. 2-3 days before pollination, fully dilated buds or newly blooming flowers on adult trees of varieties suitable for pollination should be collected, anthers should be taken, dried and pollinated, and artificial pollination should be concentrated at the beginning of full bloom.

IV. Boron spraying at flowering stage

Boron can promote the germination and elongation of pollen tubes and promote the transport of sugar in trees. Boron spraying at flowering stage can increase the fruit setting rate of pear trees. 0.3-0.5% borax (acid) solution can be sprayed once at 25% and 75% blossoms, and 0.3-0.5% urea can be added. Flowering requires a large amount of phosphorus and potassium or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, which can also increase the fruit setting rate.

Fifth, prevent frost during flowering

Pear trees bloom early, and the flowering period is mostly before the late frost, which is extremely vulnerable to late frost. After the pear flowers are frozen, the pistil turns brown, dry shrinks, blossoms but cannot bear fruit, and there are the following ways to prevent frost:

1. Irrigation before flowering can reduce soil temperature, delay root activity, postpone flowering, and reduce or avoid the harm of late frost.

two。 White trunk and white trunk before flowering can slow the rise of tree temperature and delay flowering for 3-5 days, so as to avoid or reduce the harm of frost.

3. Smoke anti-frost, smoking can reduce the radiation emission of soil heat, play a moisturizing effect, at the same time, smoke particles can absorb moisture, make water vapor condensed into liquid and release heat, increase ground temperature, reduce or avoid frost damage. The blooming period should listen to the local weather forecast.

It is necessary to prevent frost when the temperature may drop to-2 ℃. The commonly used smoking materials are sawdust, straw, firewood, leaves, etc., staggered in layers, and ignited in the middle to facilitate the ignition of smoke. Before smoking, special personnel should be organized to be on duty, hang a thermometer at 1 meter from the ground, and record the temperature regularly. If the temperature suddenly drops to 0 ℃ in the early morning, it should be ignited and smoked at the same time. After ignition, you should pay attention to prevent the flames from burning, make it emit thick smoke as far as possible, and be careful not to burn the branches of the tree.

Antifrost fogging agent can also be used to prevent frost. The commonly used formula is 20-30% ammonium nitrate, 50-60% sawdust, 10% waste diesel oil, 10% fine pulverized coal, ammonium nitrate, sawdust and pulverized coal as fine as possible. After being proportioned, it is put into an iron barrel and ignited when used, with a dosage of 2-2.5 kg per mu, which should be placed in the limelight.