Detailed explanation of Rapid Propagation techniques of Jujube cultivation

Spring is a good season for jujube propagation. As far as the rapid propagation technology of jujube cultivation is concerned, it mainly focuses on cutting and grafting. Here is a detailed explanation of these two propagation techniques.

1. Grafting propagation techniques of jujube cultivation

1. Cultivation of rootstocks

(1) Tillering cultivation

The cultivation of remaining tillers is a method to obtain seedlings by making use of the strong tillering ability of the germinating roots of jujube trees and with the help of the naturally germinated roots around the jujube trees in the original jujube orchard. This method has the advantages of simple and easy operation, but less seedling emergence, irregular seedlings, poor root development, less fine roots and low survival rate of planting.

(2) cultivation of trenching and root cutting.

This method is a method to dig trenches around jujube trees, cut off roots and promote root tiller germination by making use of the characteristics that jujube roots are more likely to produce tillers when they are injured. The advantages of this method are large seedling emergence and high seedling quality. The specific method is as follows: before the jujube sprouts in spring, dig a circular trench with a depth of 40cm 50cm and a width of 30cm 5m away from the trunk at the periphery of the crown or dig into a strip trench in the direction of jujube, and cut off the fine roots less than 2cm in diameter. The section of the root should be flat. Then fill in loose wet soil to cover all the broken roots to facilitate wound healing and produce tillers. When the root tillers grow to 20 cm and 30 cm, they will be weak and strong, and one or two root tillers will be left in each clump.

(3) returning to nursery to raise seedlings.

This method is a seedling raising method in which the scattered natural root tiller seedlings in the field or the root tiller seedlings produced after ditching do not meet the requirements of seedling quality and continue to be cultivated in the nursery and come out of the nursery after reaching the seedling quality standard. Because the seedlings have been transplanted once, this method is also called secondary seedling cultivation. The advantages are convenient management, neat seedlings, developed root system and high survival rate after coming out of the nursery. Nursery land should choose plots with loose soil, strong fertility, soil salt content of no more than 0.2%, good drainage and irrigation conditions. The row spacing of planted plants is generally 12 × 60 cm and should be watered in time after planting. In addition, it is necessary to topdressing, weeding and sprouting in time, which can be cultivated in the nursery for 1-2 years.

2. Grafting

The main results are as follows: (1) Collection and treatment of scion.

Scion collection should be carried out in the fine variety harvest nursery or on the fine variety tree which is strong in production. The first branch of 1-3-year-old jujube or the second branch of 2-year-old jujube were selected for branch grafting. Generally combined with winter shears, scions are collected before germination. The scion used for bud grafting should be used with picking, and the secondary branches and leaves should be cut off after harvest to reduce water evaporation. The scion should be packed in straw bags or wet gunny bags, and attention should be paid to moisturizing and heat preservation during transportation.

The spare scion should cut off the jujube branches collected during the dormant period according to single or double buds. Melt the paraffin wax in the container, quickly dip the scion one by one in the melted paraffin liquid, use the hedgerow to quickly dip the scion in the paraffin liquid, and then quickly spread out to seal the scion with wax. The appropriate wax temperature is 90 ℃ ~ 105 ℃, too high temperature is easy to scald the scion, the wax temperature is too low, and the wax layer is too thick and easy to peel off. The scions dipped in wax can be put into cartons or plastic bags, stored in 0 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ freezer or cold storage, and grafted before grafting in spring.

(2) grafting method

Jujube grafting methods include split grafting, cutting grafting, bark grafting and so on, which are generally carried out when the sap flows (about early April).

(3) Post-management

After jujube grafting, the survival rate should be checked in time, and problems should be repaired in time. The survival of branch grafting mainly depends on whether the bud is sprouting and whether the color of the scion is bright. if it is found that the scion is obviously dehydrated and wrinkled or wilted after sprouting, it means that the grafting failed and should be regrafted. Do a good job of eliminating admiration. Jujube seedlings grow faster and are easy to break from the interface in case of strong wind. When jujube seedlings are about 30cm, props are set up to bind the seedlings, and plastic strips or other bindings at the interface are removed at the same time. Strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest control.

2. Cutting propagation techniques of jujube cultivation.

1. Laying sand and building beds

Select leeward to the sun, the terrain is higher, with water power to build the local sand bed, about 10 cm thick, the sand bed area should be determined according to the demand. But the sand bed needs to be drained and ventilated. And install active intermittent spraying equipment, if there is a power outage, additional screening equipment should be added to maintain the safety of cuttings.

2. Cuttings

Cuttings were carried out from June to September. The lateral branches of root tiller seedlings, 3-year-old young seedlings or young grafted seedlings were selected, and the semi-lignified side branches were cut as cuttings. The shoots that are too tender should be cut off, or topped before picking, and the top buds of the shoots should be removed to improve the Lignification of the shoots, so as to enhance the rooting ability of cuttings.

Pruning should be carried out in the morning, dusk or rainy days to protect the branches from damage. The cuttings were 10 cm long and 12 cm long. 2 compound leaves and 4 leaflets were preserved. After spraying and sterilizing the cuttings, the cuttings were soaked in 100 mg / kg ABT1 cornflour solution for 2-4 hours before cutting. The row spacing is 4 cm × 6 cm, and the cutting depth is about 3 cm. Pay attention to spray moisturizing while cutting.

3. Seedbed management

Use active intermittent spraying skills to control the seedbed temperature at about 26 ℃, no more than 30 ℃, and adhere to high humidity above 90%. Generally, the root primordium is formed after cutting for 10 days, and the root system can reach about 5 cm after 20 days. During the period of rooting management, 800 times chlorothalonil fungicide was sprayed on the seedling bed every 7 days or so to prevent the occurrence of rot.

Foliar topdressing should be carried out after rooting, spraying once every 3 to 5 days, such as 0.2% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, or 10 mg / kg rooting powder solution to improve the rooting rate. Rooting seedlings cut in September