Current situation of ratooning rice planting and suggestions for moderate development

1. Planting of ratooning rice from 2014 to 2015

The production of ratooning rice in Anqing City, Anhui Province began in the 1980s, but due to the lack of suitable varieties with strong regeneration ability, the research and promotion of ratooning rice technology gradually decreased and finally came to a standstill. the agricultural technology department of Anqing City began to carry out the research on ratooning rice technology again. Due to the selection of a better variety with strong ratooning ability, quasi-Liangyou 608, the planting area has been developed again. According to the investigation and statistics of the agricultural department, in 2014, the planting area of ratooning rice in the city was 10090.8 mu, the yield of the first season rice was 504.22 kg per mu, the average yield per mu in the ratooning season was 189.2 kg, and the average yield per mu in the two crops reached 693.42 kg, an increase of 153.5 kg, or 28.43%, over the planting of first-season rice. The yield per mu is slightly lower than that of double-cropping rice, and the average yield per mu is about 100kg less. But the benefit of planting is higher than that of double-cropping rice. From the planting area, there are four counties and cities with an area of more than 1000 mu, including 4000 mu in Congyang County, 5120 mu in Tongcheng, 1050 mu in Qianshan County and 2320 mu in Wangjiang. A Tongcheng city with an area of more than 5000 mu. In terms of variety selection, Zhunliangyou 608, Wandao 187, Longliangyou 7, Anyuzao 1, Zaoxian 788, you I608, Jinyou 207, Shenliangyou 5814, Y Liangyou 1, Liangyou 6326, Fengliangyou 1, Xinliangyou 223, although there are many varieties, but the planting area is not large. Only Zhunliangyou 608, Anyuzao No. 1, you I608 and Y Liangyou 1 were more than 1000 mu. The largest area is quasi-Liangyou 608, with an area of 4620 mu, accounting for 45.78% of the ratooning rice area, followed by you I608 and Y Liangyou 1, with an area of 1700 mu.

2. Specific examples of ratooning rice planting.

2.1. 2013 Yutian planting Professional Cooperative, Wangjiang County. In 2013, Wangjiang County Yutian planting Professional Cooperative tested and demonstrated an area of 70 mu in Huangjiayan Village, Changling Town, with an average yield of 540kg per mu for 9 households of early rice; more than 220000 mu of effective panicles of ratooning rice, with an average yield of about 78 grains per panicle, and an average yield per mu of more than 328kg; provincial experts tested and accepted two typical fields planted in Jinqitian, and the yield per mu reached 925.9 kg in two seasons.

2.2. Tongcheng Fengming Company in 2013. In 2013, the yield per mu of first-cropping rice was 640.5 mu, that of ratooning rice was 182.6 mu, and that of two crops was 823.1 mu, which was 123.1 mu more than that of other single-cropping rice and wheat per mu, with a total yield of 700 mu, with an increase of 17.59%.

2.3. In 2014, Wangjiang County Yutian planting Professional Cooperative. The experimental demonstration piece covers an area of 100 mu in Huangjiayan village. On August 1st, Comrade Sheng Minyuan (former Science and Technology Bureau), Director of Wangjiang County Administrative Service Center, I, Wangjiang County planting Administration Bureau and technical staff of Changling Town Agricultural Technical Station measured the yield of typical fields in Huangjiayan Village. The high yield reached 650 kg, with an average yield of about 600 kg per mu. The theoretical yield of quasi-Liangyou 608 randomly selected from the demonstration piece of Huangjiayan Village, Changling Town, is 184700 per mu of effective panicles, with an average of 150.5 grains per panicle, with a seed setting rate of 81.2% and a 1000-grain weight of 30.0g. Theoretical yield per mu is 677.1 kg / mu, 15% discount 575.6 kg / mu. In addition, the No. 3 field of Jinqi Tianhu was randomly selected to harvest the whole field of 1.99mu of quasi-Liangyou 608, the fresh grain was 1405.5 kg, the measured moisture was 33.2%, the net moisture was converted to the standard moisture (13.5%), and the yield per mu was 545.4 kg. The average yield of the two fields was 560.5 kg / mu. On 16 August, Li Zefu, director of the Provincial Rice Institute, and Niu Yunsheng, director of the Provincial planting Bureau, led relevant experts from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Provincial Agricultural Commission to Wangjiang County, and the results were also gratifying.

2.4. 20 mu demonstration film of ratooning rice in Qingcao Town, Tongcheng City. The demonstration field No. 3 was randomly selected for 2.42mu quasi-Liangyou 608 machine harvest, the fresh grain was 1657.1 kg, the measured moisture was 24.66%, the impurity was 1%, the net was converted to the standard moisture (13.5%), and the yield per mu was 590.4 kg. As September entered at that time, the harvest risk of the regeneration season increased, we suggested that urea and 45% ternary compound fertilizer of 10 kg each should be applied as budding fertilizer immediately after harvest, strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and at the same time pay attention to the prevention and control of the harm of "Cold Dew wind" to ensure a harvest in the regeneration season. The planting method is manual sowing and mechanical transplanting, and the variety is Liangyou 608. Under the unfavorable conditions of overcast and dull rain during the growing period of rice this year, the field management should be strengthened to overcome the impact of climate disasters. At present, the growth in the field is balanced, the stalks are green and the seeds are yellow, and there is basically no harm to disease and Cordyceps. On September 4, 2014, Anqing Science and Technology Bureau and Tongcheng Science and Technology Bureau jointly organized relevant experts to conduct an on-the-spot investigation on the first season rice of the demonstration film Qingcao Town, which was carried out by Tongcheng Fengming Agricultural Science and Technology Circulation Company, and selected representative fields for acceptance.

2.5. Xuan Yibin, Yueshan Town, Huaining County. In the ratooning season, the effective spike reached about 200000, with large spikelets accounting for 62.4% and 37.6%, respectively. Among them, the average number of ears per unpressed rice pile was 1.2, with 73.5 grains per panicle, and 1.7 ears per pressed rice pile with 31 grains per panicle. The average grain per panicle is about 57.52. the theoretical yield is 224.33 kg per mu and 190.7 kg per mu after 15% discount.

3. Yield and benefit analysis of ratooning rice.

Farmers' farming is centered on economic benefits, planting what they want to make money from, and how they grow it. Therefore, it all revolves around the increase of income. From the national point of view, the country takes food security as its top priority. Therefore, the state does everything possible to encourage farmers to grow more grain and grow good grain. Therefore, as a functional department of the government and a technical guidance unit for farmers to cultivate fields, we believe that only by finding a balance between increasing production and increasing income, ensuring national food security and ensuring an increase in farmers' income, this is the premise that grain crop varieties and technologies can be popularized, and the two should not be neglected. Accordingly, if ratooning rice can be popularized, there should be no problem with the yield of the first season rice, and the yield and benefit can be similar to that of planting one-season rice. If the yield of ratooning rice is 200 kg, farmers will make a little profit on planting, but there is still a distance from the national food security requirements. Only when the output reaches 250 kg in the regeneration season, can we achieve a win-win situation for both farmers and the country.

4. Some suggestions on further planting ratooning rice.

4.1. High-yield cultivation of first-season rice is the basis for achieving high yield in ratooning season.

4.1.1. Arrange the sowing time reasonably and sow at the right time. In order to ensure the mature harvest of the first rice before August 20, ensure the normal growth and development of ratooning rice, and safely complete the panicle before September 15, avoid the "Cold Dew wind", mature and harvest at the end of October. We believe that the appropriate sowing date should be arranged from the end of March to April 10 (drying, soaking, disinfection and germination of seeds before sowing), and direct seeding should also be arranged before April 15, the earlier the better.

4.1.2. Cultivate strong seedlings. No matter what kind of seedling raising method is adopted, cultivating strong seedling is a common pursuit. From the situation of Wangjiang County, the effect of raising seedlings with floppy disk and dry cultivation is obvious to cultivate strong seedlings and promote early development after transplanting. It is recommended to choose "dry nursery babysitter" (350g "dry nursery nanny" per bag can cover rice seeds 1-1.2 kg) and adopt the method of "seed now". Others are routinely managed according to the operating rules for raising seedlings in dry conditions. Pay attention to the choice of seedling bed, should choose the soil is thicker, the soil is fertile vegetable garden or dry land. If the seedling age is longer, the seedling bed should apply rotten farm manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer to prevent the seedling from becoming yellow in the later stage. The mechanized seedling transplanting technology adopts floppy disk dry seedling raising. Leave enough seedling fields according to the 1:8-10 ratio of seedling fields and fields. Sowing according to 2 kilograms of seeds per mu, 75 grams of each seedling tray, 22 seedling trays prepared, seedling age 18-20 days to calculate the sowing date, before fine sowing, the seedling bed should be prepared, the seedling tray and the ground should be paved, and there should be no gap between the seedling tray and the seedling tray. Soil should be used around. It is suggested that seeds should be mixed with Kangduole to improve the stress resistance at seedling stage. The management of seedling stage should take corresponding measures to increase temperature and keep moisture to ensure the safety of seedlings. Seedling requirements: seedling height 809-200mm, seedling upright, stem thick and hard, root such as carpet, uniform seedling density, seedling into pieces, root system is not entangled when dividing seedlings. And do a good job in pest prevention and control.

4.1.3, reasonable close planting to ensure the basic number of seedlings. The number of effective panicles of ratooning rice is closely related to the number of stakes of the first super rice, which is basically proportional to the number of panicles of ratooning rice. Ratooning rice uses super rice with short growth period and effective panicle as its parent, and its high yield structure should be established on the basis of sufficient effective panicle. We suggest that the row spacing of mechanical transplanting seedlings should be 13.5 × 30cm, the basic seedlings per mu of medium fertility fields should reach 6-65000 per mu, the basic seedlings of high fertility fields should reach 50-60 000 per mu, and the number of effective panicles per mu of super rice in the first crop should reach 19-220000 per mu. For those who throw seedlings, we ask to ensure that all the seedlings of 2 kilograms per mu are thrown into the field. The ratooning ability of super rice is relatively strong, and an average of about 1.2 effective ratooning seedlings can be cultivated per mother stem, which can promote the effective panicle formation of regenerated seedlings to about 200000 per mu, so as to ensure the high and stable yield of ratooning rice.

4.1.4. Scientific use of water. Because the number of roots in the early growth stage of regenerated seedlings is small, the independent roots are not developed enough, and the nutrients needed for growth and development are mainly absorbed from the old roots and supplied by the mother stem, so it is very important for super rice in the first stubble to have developed roots and strong vitality. For this reason, the water management of super rice in the first stubble should be cast with thin water to transplant seedlings, promote tillering, tiller enough seedlings to expose the field in time, return to thin water at the initial stage of panicle differentiation, dry and keep the field moist after applying panicle fertilizer, moderate light dew, increase soil oxygen, promote rooting, enhance rice root vitality, and then dry and wet alternately irrigate and cut off water 7 days before harvest, so that the soil is moist and not sunken during harvest. In short, it is necessary to regulate air with water and promote roots with gas, so as to achieve the purpose of strong buds of hard roots and green wax stalks when they are mature.

4.1.5. Scientific fertilization. Super rice has strong plant growth potential, large fertilizer requirement and fertilizer tolerance. Balanced fertilization should be applied, and the ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium should be 1: 1: 0.5: 1. Medium fertility fields with a target yield of 600-650 kg per mu, generally applying 12-13 kg of pure nitrogen, 5-6 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-12 kg of potash fertilizer per mu. High fertility fields, with a target yield of 650-700 kg per mu, generally applying 12-15 kg of pure nitrogen, 4-5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 12-15 kg of potash fertilizer per mu. In addition, 1 kg of pulsatile per mu was specially applied as base fertilizer. Fertilizer application and distribution: nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer each accounts for 40%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%; phosphate fertilizer is all used as base fertilizer; potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer each accounts for 30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 40%. In addition, especially to promote bud fertilizer, ratooning rice is to make use of the dormant buds on the stump of super rice with short growth period after harvest and given appropriate conditions of water, temperature, light and nutrients to make it germinate and regenerate tillers, and then heading and maturing. Bud-promoting fertilizer can not only prolong the functional period of the top three leaves of early rice, increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but also promote the germination of latent axillary buds of early and middle rice. To this end, must be a good application of bud fertilizer, that is, 15 days after the full heading of early rice (10 days before harvest), urea 7-15 kg per mu to promote the growth of dormant buds.

4.1.6. Do a good job in the control of diseases and insect pests. Ratooning rice uses axillary buds on rice pile nodes to grow and develop into panicles. It is necessary to protect the mother stem and leaf sheath from diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the whole process of early and middle rice cultivation should strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests according to the situation of diseases and insect pests in local agricultural departments. Here, special emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of rice sheath blight. In the rice tillering to booting stage and heading stage, when the incidence of clumps is 15-20%, control is used respectively to ensure that the regenerated buds of rice are not damaged by sheath blight, so as not to affect the yield of the ratooning season.

4.2. Grasp several key points of ratooning rice cultivation techniques:

4.2.1, timely harvest. The harvest of the first season rice is the appropriate time to strive for high yield and maintain its regeneration vigor, and it is generally appropriate to harvest from 8.5% to 9% maturity of early rice. This can not only increase the yield of early rice as much as possible, but also make the rice pile sprout quickly and have strong regeneration ability, and lay a good foundation for the high yield of ratooning rice. Don't step on the rice stump during harvest and try to keep it upright.

4.2.2. Keep the rice stake. The height of rice pile directly affects the germination rate, growth period and yield of ratooning rice. In a certain range, the rice pile short has slower germination tiller, longer growth period and higher yield, while the rice pile height has faster germination tiller, shorter growth period and lower yield. Therefore, the ideal height of rice pile is about 30 cm. The harvest should be determined according to the actual situation, such as the early maturity can be harvested after the full yellow maturity of the first season rice, and the late maturity and not completely yellow maturity can be harvested in advance. Stakes can also be retained sooner or later, such as early harvest in the first season does not affect the grain filling and fruiting of ratooning rice, can be slightly shorter, generally in 25-30 cm; if the first-season rice harvest is slightly later, stakes can be appropriately longer, generally in 30-35 cm.

4.2.3. Scientific and rational use of water. After the early and middle rice is harvested and left behind, the field should be kept moist and free from drought, but it should not be flooded for a long time, lest the old roots rot and lose vitality. In case of high temperature and drought, thin water should be poured back in time to prevent rice pile from shrinking, reducing the vitality of latent axillary buds and affecting tillering and seedling emergence. After regenerating enough seedlings, keep thin water, intermittent light dew and keep moist for a long time; heading and flowering, returning to thin water at filling stage, and naturally drying to maturity during yellow ripening.

4.2.4, topdressing at the right time. During the harvest of early and middle rice, the regenerated buds on the stump were green, the differentiation and development of young panicles were going on, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth were in progress at the same time. Therefore, the early and middle rice should be fertilized in time after harvesting, promote the emergence of low tillers and strong seedlings, increase the panicle rate, increase the number of effective panicles and increase the yield of ratooning rice. Within 3 days after harvest, 10 kg of urea was applied per mu of early and middle rice, 15 kg / mu of regenerated seedlings, 5 kg of urea and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride per mu. The time from the beginning of heading to full heading of ratooning rice is longer than that of normal late rice, which takes about 20 days. When heading reaches 20%, it is sprayed once per mu with Huaduole 40ml plus 120,150g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50kg of water, so as to improve the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight and increase the yield.

4.2.5. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and rats. Ratooning rice tends to grow earlier and mature earlier than normal late rice, so its diseases and insect pests tend to be slightly more serious than normal late rice. it is necessary to strengthen the management of "transitional fields", especially to do a good job in pest and pest control. focus on the control of rice thrips, borer, rice planthopper, rice blast, rodents and finches.

5. Some experiences on the demonstration and popularization of ratooning rice.

5.1. Zhunliangyou 608 is a very suitable high-yielding ratooning rice variety. Quasi-Liangyou 608 is a large panicle rice variety with high yield, good quality and strong resistance, which is bred by the combination of ideal plant type shaping and heterosis utilization. The growth period of quasi-Liangyou 608 as early rice in our county is about 130ml / 135 days, the tillering rate and regeneration ability are strong, and the ratooning season is about 65 days. Ratooning rice has been successfully planted in Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei and other neighboring provinces, and has been successfully planted in Wangjiang and many places in our province since 2013. the two demonstration films visited and many practitioners who came to the meeting fully proved the excellent ratooning and high yield characteristics of quasi-Liangyou 608.

5.2. The "one kind of two harvests" plus green manure model of mechanized ratooning rice in the whole process of quasi-Liangyou 608 is a useful supplement to the planting model of large families. At present, due to the transfer of rural labor, it is generally difficult to hire workers, the labor cost is generally high, the planting mode is single, and the economic benefit is not high. In particular, the one-rice-one-wheat model is consistent with the planting model of the majority of farmers. When workers and machinery are most needed, they cannot be hired. Many large families wait for more than 50 days to finish planting, and the yield is generally only about 500 kilograms. Due to the postponement of rice growth period, it also affects the sowing and yield of wheat in the noon season. The "one harvest" plus green manure model of quasi-Liangyou 608 mechanized ratooning rice in the whole process not only staggered with the planting mode of the majority of farmers, solved the labor difficulty of the existing model of large households, but also did not need to sow, raise and transplant seedlings, ploughed and raked fields, saved seeds, labor, fertilizer, water, medicine, less investment, short growth period, and could be harvested in only more than 60 days. In addition, planting green manure not only increased economic benefits. It also increases the ecological benefits. According to my own comparison last year, the difference in benefit per mu between the two models is more than 550 yuan. This new model is worth trying and supported by the government.