What problems should peach trees pay attention to in winter pruning and shaping?

Peach tree winter pruning and shaping must have a sequence, otherwise once the blind coal cutting process, there will be one kind of regret, resulting in losses. In other words, one comes first and arrives later, and after winter shearing, the backbone branches and fruit branches of peach trees are in good order and occupy the space in a more uniform and reasonable manner. To maximize the utilization of light energy for high yield and high quality. So, what problems should be paid attention to in winter pruning and shaping of peach trees?

1. The high yield of the variety should be known before cutting.

At present, there are many varieties of peach trees planted, and everyone knows the high yield of their own peach trees, but there are still a large number of people who do not do it themselves and hire local pruning teams or pruning handles to carry out winter pruning. Garden owners and pruners must communicate and understand the high-yield performance of the varieties. For varieties with good yield, it is necessary to use the method of determining yield by tree, branch by yield, fruit by branch, and pruning by shortening and lengthening. In general varieties with high yield, it is more reasonable to adopt the method of long pruning with more branches. Regardless of the high-yield performance, the same method should be adopted. The varieties with strong high-yield performance leave too many fruiting branches, thinning fruit is labor-consuming, consume a lot of nutrition, and the fruit does not grow big. The general varieties with high yield have poor fruit setting rate and less branches affect the yield.

2. Attention should be paid to the relationship between individuals and groups.

In a peach orchard, the utilization rate of light energy depends on the reasonable allocation of plant spacing and the design of tree shape. The row spacing of most peach orchards is reasonable, but the tree design is sometimes not in place, so it is particularly important to determine the tree shape with density. Now the wide-row dense planting cultivation is suitable for trunk shape and v-shaped tree shape, which is convenient for mechanization and water-fertilizer integration. In the old cultivation model, the distance between the sparse rows of plants is slightly larger than the distance between plants, which is generally designed in the happy shape of three or four main branches, and there is no unified standard tree shape, which often crowds each other between the main branches and the main branches in the process of growth, shading and light leakage occur, which affect the yield and quality. Therefore, winter pruning and shaping a tree must consider the relationship between four trees and prune a row of trees as one tree. That is, the relationship between neighbors. In the line, it is considered that the spacing of the main branches should not be less than 1 meter, and the operating path must not be less than 1 meter between the rows. As long as the main branches influence each other, the main branches should be retracted or removed. Try to make the main branches of the tree occupy the space reasonably and evenly so as to maximize the utilization of light energy. It is called tangible immortality, shapeless disorder, shaping with trees, and pruning because of branches.

3. Shape with the tree and prune because of the branches.

Some peach orchards do not pay attention to the cultivation of the skeleton, the sharpening degree is small, and the carrying capacity is poor. As a result, the skeleton is easy to deform, and the reasonable angle becomes large angle or even negative angle, so it is necessary to re-modify the main branch skeleton. If it becomes a shallow disk tree, it is necessary to use the overgrown branches on the back of the main branch to re-cultivate the main branch, and the original head is gradually retracted, or transformed into a main multi-trunk shape. After the new skeleton is built and formed, the old main branch can be removed at once. Open the lines, solve the lighting, but also achieve three-dimensional results, high yield and high quality is no problem.

Branch pruning: refers to the treatment of fruiting branches and vegetative branches of all sizes. Handle it in place, bear fruit year after year, and have a good robust preparation for fruit branch year after year. When leaving fruit-bearing branches, multiple fruit-bearing branches in a branch group must be compared, leaving the strong ones without weak ones, and the heavy and short cutting branches that are too thick to be the fruit-bearing branches of the next year. If there is a good branch nearby and retracts to a good branch, if there is a good fruiting branch in the far point, it is appropriate to stay far away, and to remove the nearby weak branch is called using the waste branch to bear good fruit. However, there must be a degree in the distance, not as far away as possible.

4. The combination of thinning and shrinking is the main method to solve the tree potential balance.

On a skeleton branch (including trunk shape), the buds have different plumpness, thickness, angle and growth potential, and there will be differences among weak branches, strong branches and thick branches. In order to balance the branch potential, we must combine the summer pruning in May, July and September to do three short retractions (re-picking the heart) and thinning branches. If you do it in time, the branch will be even and the tree will be balanced. Shu: it means to get rid of the thick branches. There can be no big stick branches on the trunk (branches more than one centimeter in diameter) it is so strong that it is easy to become a capping branch, there is no light in the lower part, and the lower branch dies over a long period of time. Thinning from the base as far as possible can have the effect of suppressing the front and promoting the back. Short-cut retraction (including heavy short-cut) can not only promote the strength of the main branch, but also weaken the branch potential, which is called promotion and control, and the combination of promotion and control can balance the tree potential.

5. Find your head first when you are out of shape. It is good to have a head in a tree.

Some peach farmers do not understand the characteristics of light absorption of peach trees. Happy trees leave as many as 5 or 6 main branches, the more the inner chamber light is worse. The young tree is small, the influence of ventilation and light transmission is small, and there are still many fruiting branches in the inner chamber. With the increase of tree age, entering the high-yield period, unreasonable underground management and investment and fertilization, coupled with the mistake of pruning and correcting, the phenomenon of being strong and weak emerges, which leads to the appearance of a naked inner chamber and a skin on the outside. coupled with the technique of driving out branches and pruning, the big stick branches are more, and the ability to pull nutrients is stronger, and the lower small fruit branches die without seeing light. Causing bare legs to disconnect. When cutting in winter, it is necessary to determine 3-4 main branches, and the more than one should be removed in time and thoroughly, and the light path can be opened. The thick and large competitive branches at the top can be removed from the base at one time, and a strong branch with a good angle can be selected as the skeleton to lengthen the head to achieve the happy tree shape of the main branch. In the period of sprouting and flowering, where there are few branches in the lower part of the trunk, the new buds that can germinate should be sawed in time to grow better shoots and grow into fruiting branches according to the size of the space to make up for the space and increase the yield.

6. Cutting piles to retain buds is one of the important methods to increase shoots.

With the increase of tree age, the secondary buds of the main branch (stem) become less and less, so it is necessary to change the pruning method from thinning and retaining method to truncation to cultivate the small branch group, and rotate the results on the branch group. Grasp the shrunken buds in the upper part, small buds in the middle, and full buds in the lower part, and carry out single-branch renewal and double-branch renewal, the developing branches are basically the same, and the whole tree is basically balanced (including summer plucking). Do not stare at the end, it will cause the phenomenon of bareleg disconnection.

7. Attention! Comprehensive management is the guarantee.

With the combination of summer and winter cutting, the tree shape is good, the flower buds are full, and the foundation of high yield and high quality is done. However, the improvement of fruit setting rate and quality can not be achieved without comprehensive management. Unreasonable use of water and fertilizer will also cause a large number of fruit drop, and it is difficult to improve the appearance and internal quality. without scientific plant protection work, it is impossible to talk about good benefits.