How to plant betel nut seedlings and how many betel nut seedlings are needed in one mu of land?

When is the best time to plant betel nut, and in which month the survival rate of betel nut is high? What is the row spacing of betel nut planting, and how many betel nut seedlings are generally needed per mu? How to plant betel nut seedlings?

I. site selection of betel nut orchard

Betel nuts like to be wet, but they are not resistant to drought or stagnant water. Therefore, betel nut planting land should be selected in areas with abundant rainfall and good drainage and irrigation conditions. Hainan betel nut is mainly distributed in the eastern, central and southern mountainous areas with abundant rainfall. Betel nuts are planted in valleys with hills or tall trees to the south and west to avoid direct exposure to the sun. In addition, Hainan is vulnerable to typhoons. Betel nuts usually planted in valleys can be protected by surrounding hills and jungle trees. Betel nut orchards reclaimed in open and flat areas need to build shelterbelts to protect betel nuts from typhoons.

The cultivation network suggested that the air quality, irrigation water quality and soil environment of betel nut orchard should be in line with the relevant national regulations. Choose leeward to the sun, the soil layer is deep, betel nut likes slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam rich in humus, the bottom soil is red soil or yellow soil is the most ideal. It is generally planted in hillsides and valleys below 300 meters above sea level, by river ditches, in front of houses, behind houses, in fields and on the edge of the land. If you plant in the place where the wind is strong or the typhoon must pass, planting fast-growing tall tree species in the southwest of the betel nut planting garden can not only prevent the wind, but also prevent sunburn after the tree is grown.

Second, the leveling of betel nut orchard

After selecting the land, cut down the mountain and weed before the rainy season, and dig 1.5 meters along the contour line with an inward inclination of about 15 °in the mountainous area with a slope of more than 15 °, and cultivate it with a ladder. The cultivation of grass in the forest on the hillside is beneficial to protect fertilizer and water and prevent soil erosion. Most of the plain areas are cultivated in the way of ridging, which is conducive to irrigation and drainage, clean weeding and reserved shelterbelts. The preparation of land in low wetlands should be done first, and then trenches should be dug for drainage.

3. Selection of betel nut seedlings

Betel nut seedlings should be planted with stem diameter, 2-3 nodes (those with more than 3 nodes are not easy to survive), 5-6 thick green leaves and 60-100 cm high robust seedlings. Nursery bed to raise seedlings to bring soil, less root damage. When raising seedlings in plastic bags, the film bags should be torn.

4. Planting time of betel nut seedlings

Factors such as temperature, rainfall and solar radiation intensity should be fully taken into account in betel nut planting season. Too strong solar radiation or too high temperature may burn betel nut seedlings. The amount of rainfall after betel nut planting determines whether it needs to be irrigated and the amount of manpower and material resources invested, which determines the survival rate of betel nut seedlings. In Hainan, the most suitable season for betel nut planting is from March to April or from September to October, because the temperature and solar radiation intensity are moderate, and Rain Water is also abundant.

5. Row spacing of betel nut planting

Betel nut planting methods can be square, triangular and plum blossom-shaped, can be equally spaced, can also be planted according to the size of rows, large and small rows to facilitate mechanical work. No matter which method is used, betel nut planting is best arranged in a straight line from north to south and tilted slightly to the west, which can reduce the chance of being burned by the sun.

The row spacing of betel nut planting varies with topography and soil fertility. Due to the height gradient of betel nut in mountainous and sloping land, proper reduction of plant row spacing will not affect the light distribution. The row spacing of betel nut planted in the main producing areas of betel nut in Hainan Province generally varies from 1.5mX1.5m to 3.0mX3.0m. If the plant-row spacing of betel nut planting is too large, the utilization rate of land and other resources will be lower, while when the planting is denser, the root system of betel nut may be more concentrated in the lower layer of the soil, which is not conducive to the absorption of soil nutrients, but will lead to a decrease in yield.

VI. Transplanting methods of betel nut seedlings

From 4 to 6 months before betel nut seedling planting, the hole should be dug in the first 1-2 months at the latest. The row spacing is 2.5 cm 3.0 m, the plant spacing is 2.0 cm 2.5 m, the hole is 80 cm square, 90 cm deep, and 1500cm 1650 plants / ha (1 ha / 15 mu) are planted. When digging holes, attention should be paid to stacking the topsoil and core soil separately to make the soil weathered for a period of time.

When planting betel nut seedlings, choose overcast days combined with topsoil to return to the hole, each hole with rotten barnyard manure 5-10 kg. The seedlings are planted with soil seedlings or plastic bags, and the seedlings are placed in the center of the hole, about 15 cm above the ground to cover the soil to the rhizosphere and compacted with soil cover. After planting, sprinkle enough water to fix the root, and cover the root with straw to reduce water evaporation. If plastic bag seedlings are used, the bags must be removed before planting. If there is a strong light in the planting season, cut off half of the unfolded leaves after planting, and if the heart leaves are not unfolded, you should insert small trees to shade to avoid sun burning. shade is better within 2-3 years after planting. After planting, sesbania and edamame beans can be planted around the hole to provide shade and green manure. Watering properly every day, until the survival of new leaves, can reduce the number of watering.

7. Planting depth of betel nut seedlings

The planting depth of betel nut depends on the type of soil and the height of groundwater table. Deep planting is generally considered to provide a fixed and larger space for the root system. If the planting depth is not enough, the roots will be exposed and need to be cultivated. Therefore, it is suggested that the soil with good irrigation conditions should be planted deeply, while it should be planted shallowly in the areas with strict soil and high groundwater level. The results show that under the condition of good irrigation in red soil, the planting depth of 90cm is more beneficial to the growth of betel nut than 30cm or 60cm, and it can make betel nut blossom earlier and obtain high yield.