Where are the oranges from? How to cultivate and manage?

One of the birthplaces of citrus in the world in China, there are many famous, special and high-quality citrus brands, so where is the origin of oranges? How to cultivate and manage?

Where is the origin of oranges?

At present, 104 citrus origin protection or geographical indication products have been obtained throughout the country, mainly in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and other regions.

Take Hunan and Guangdong as an example. Most of the citrus varieties in Hunan are honey oranges and oranges, and the more influential ones include Dongjianghu tangerine, Yongxing Bingtang orange, Daozhou navel orange, Xiangxi ponkan orange, Yizhang navel orange, Mayang Bingtang orange and so on.

Among the citrus varieties in Guangdong, the landmarks with good development momentum are Meizhou golden pomelo, Xinhui orange, Xinhui tangerine peel, Lianjiang red orange and so on.

Second, how to cultivate and manage orange trees?

1. Soil management

Soil is an unconsolidated layer composed of minerals, organic matter, water, air and organisms on the land surface, which is fertile and can grow plants.

Citrus grows well in light soil, but it can also grow in heavy loam soil if suitable rootstocks and good drainage conditions are used. The soil with pH more than 8.0 is disadvantageous to the growth of citrus. Oranges are sensitive to soil salinity and boron (even in deep soils), as well as to hardened soils.

Citrus roots are mainly distributed in the 0.90 m soil layer and vary according to irrigation conditions. The vast majority of aerobic active roots are distributed in the surface layer of 30 cm. In light soil, the recommended irrigation cycle is 2 times a week, and daily irrigation is better.

Obviously, because water is easy to infiltrate below the active root zone in light soil, regular and small amount of irrigation will produce better results.

2. Fertilizer and water management

Oranges need to be irrigated in dry months, so they must be irrigated when the winter is dry and the temperature is above 13 degrees Celsius. In addition, dehydration is dangerous, causing the fruit to flow water to the leaves and causing the fruit to wither. In the past, furrow irrigation or sprinkler irrigation at the top of tree crown was mainly used, but sprinkler irrigation had the risk of salinization, and furrow irrigation could cause the decrease of soil air permeability.

Drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation under the canopy are now preferred, with strip irrigation and part of the soil surface being kept dry.

In orchards without full application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before planting, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased year by year; one month after young tree planting, new roots begin to move, dilute manure water can be applied, fertilizer amount should be less, not more, especially chemical fertilizer, more attention should be paid to the application of chemical fertilizer, so as to avoid root damage.

3. Pest management

The most serious hazards are:

(1) Bud maggots: spraying with 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos EC + 90% crystal trichlorfon when the buds are white, and can also control aphids.

(2) mites (red, yellow, white spiders): spray with 40% Cryptophagus EC 1500-2000 times; 34% sweep acaroid EC 1000-1500 times. The above three kinds of acaricides are used alternately or mixed.

(3) scale insects: in the initial stage of hatching, that is, late April and mid-May, 40% EC 1500-2000 times spray can control sagittal scale, red wax scale, black spot scale, blow cotton scale and so on.

(4) aphids and whiteflies: spray with 1000-2000 times of acetamiprid or imidacloprid.

(5) Leaf miner: deltamethrin and Kung Fu EC can be used to spray evenly when the new shoot leaves grow to 1 cm 1.5 cm; Phoenix butterflies can be used to artificially kill tender buds, eggs on tender leaves or silkworm-like larvae, yellow plates can also be used to trap adults or control trichlorfon and trichlorfon. In general, fungicides and pesticides can be mixed (alkaline pesticides are used alone), which can not only improve the efficacy but also reduce the labor intensity.