Where is the origin of sesame? How to cultivate high yield?

Sesame, known as flax in ancient times, is one of the main oil crops in the world. The production and output of sesame in China has been in the forefront of the world. With the regulation and control of national policy, farmers' enthusiasm for planting sesame is getting higher and higher, so where is the origin of sesame? How to cultivate high yield?

Where is the origin of sesame?

The main producing areas of sesame in China are Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and other areas, but in recent years, the northeast and northwest sesame production has developed rapidly.

The varieties often planted in these areas mainly include: Ye San, Ba Tong Bai, Bawang whip, Yuzhi No. 4, Yuzhi No. 10, Yuzhi No. 11 and so on. The growth period of these varieties is about 100 days, generally less than 110 days.

Second, how to cultivate sesame with high yield?

1. Selection of planting plots

Sesame is not very demanding on soil, but saline land and swamps are not suitable for growing sesame, or relatively low-lying plots. Sesame is not suitable for continuous cropping, it takes more than 2-3 years of rotation, and the previous crop is preferably Gramineae crops.

The spring sowing area should be ploughed in time after harvest, and then raked flat and broken to help preserve soil moisture. After thawing in spring, we should pay close attention to ploughing and raking, and then fine rake again before sowing. In summer (autumn) sowing areas, it is necessary to seize the time to shallow ploughing and stubble, and then fine rake to suppress, in order to facilitate sowing. In low-lying and rainy areas, ditches should be made when preparing the land.

2. Sowing time and method

(1) sowing time

The sowing time should be determined according to the specific conditions of each year, and it is not always the same. Sesame likes temperature and requires higher germination temperature. If the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, it is not easy to emerge. In Shuangliao City, the seeds are mostly sown in the middle and last ten days of May.

(2) sowing method

One is the wet method of dry seed. According to the situation of the plot, the dry seed wet method can be used in the land without soil moisture in spring. That is, trenching on the ridge, then on demand, covering about 1 cm of soil, and suppressing after sowing.

The second is the method of sitting in water. According to their own conditions and working level, the sitting water planting method should be adopted on the plots with good water retention, which should be ditched on the ridge, watered thoroughly, sowed under water and covered with soil 1 cm to 2 cm.

3. Field management

(1) fertilization

The spring sowing land is mature when ploughing in autumn.

Farm manure is used as base fertilizer, and base fertilizer sown in summer (autumn) can be combined with topdressing. Topdressing should be applied before and after the early flowering stage.

(2) Interseedling

The seedlings should be early, the height of the seedlings is about 1.6 cm, and the seedlings can be fixed when the height is 6-7 cm.

(3) weeding

After the first seedling, a shallow hoe loosens the soil and removes all weeds. When the seedling height is 6cm to 7cm, the second ploughing and loosening soil should be carried out before setting the seedling, which can be deeper. Do it one or two times later, and it should be shallow. Ploughing before flowering should be combined with topdressing to cultivate soil.

(4) moisture

Sesame is afraid of dampness, so it should be combined with ploughing to clean up drains and pay attention to waterlogging prevention. Irrigation can be carried out at seedling stage and flowering stage if it is too dry.

Warm reminder: Sesame gradually matured half a month after entering the final flowering period, usually the capsule turned yellow, and a large number of fallen leaves began to be harvested. Harvest in time, or the lower capsule will burst, affecting the yield.