What are the varieties of longan? How to plant and manage?

Longan, also known as longan, is rich in nutrition and is a precious nourishing fortifier. In addition to fresh food, the fruit can also be made into canned food, wine, paste, sauce, etc., and can also be processed into dried Guiyuan meat. So what kinds of longan do you have? How to plant and manage?

What are the varieties of longan?

1. Precocious varieties matured and put on the market in mid-August, mainly including "Dongbi", "June White", "precocious Fuyan" and so on.

2. Mid-ripe varieties matured and put on the market in early September, mainly "Fuyan", "Banana Eye", "Shuinan No.1" and so on.

3. Late-maturing varieties matured and put on the market from late September to early October, mainly "Songfeng Ben", the Beginning of Winter Ben ", Dongbao 9", September Wu "and so on.

In addition, there is a more famous saying that "eight varieties of Chinese longan":

Shikip Longan, Chuliang Longan, Lingshan Longan, Gushan No.2 Longan, the Beginning of Winter Longan, Songfeng Longan, Dongbi Longan, Rongxian Dawuyuan Longan.

Second, how to plant and manage longan?

1. Turn deeply

Longan is a deep-rooted plant, and its root system needs adequate nutrition and good permeability. Although it has good tolerance, it has higher requirements for soil layer. Generally speaking, the soil with deep soil layer, loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage is helpful to improve the yield and quality of longan. If the groundwater level is high, the soil moisture is high, and the soil quality is tight, it is not suitable to plant longan.

In the process of planting, it is necessary to deeply improve the soil, expand holes and fertilize, so as to increase the content of organic matter in the soil. When longan is planted in some hilly and mountainous areas, its roots are basically covered with planting holes within 1-2 years after planting. In order to promote the rapid growth of trees, the soil should be turned deeply and loosened in time. Apply green manure and other organic manure in the soil to improve soil fertility.

Generally, 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer or ring fertilizer can be applied on each mu of the garden. At the same time, calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be applied in the soil according to the ph value of the soil, and the specific amount should be determined according to the soil conditions.

2. Cultivate the soil

Soil cultivation is an important work of soil management in the process of longan planting. Soil cultivation can thicken the soil, prevent root exposure caused by soil erosion, and ensure that longan roots can get sufficient nutrients from the soil. It can prevent drought and cool down in summer and autumn, and keep moisture and cold in winter. In the selection of soil cultivation, we should choose according to the local actual situation, try to choose loose, sandy fertilizer soil, can also use red loam, garbage soil is the most suitable. The soil should not be too thick, otherwise it will cause stuffy roots and affect the growth of roots. Generally speaking, for 3-5-year-old young longan trees, each tree can increase 50-250 kg of soil each year, and adult trees can increase 250-300 kg of soil each year.

3. Fertilization

Fertilization and topdressing is the process of providing sufficient nutrients for longan. In the process of longan planting, the fertilizer must be reasonably selected according to the growth of longan, and the amount and usage of fertilizer must be controlled, so as to continuously improve the growth level of longan. Longan fertilizer includes pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-picking fertilizer, base fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and so on. Generally, pre-flowering fertilizer is used at the end of March every year, mainly phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. At the same time, it can be combined with nitrogen fertilizer to improve the quality of longan flower and increase the fruit setting rate.

4. Irrigation

The demand for water is different in different growth periods of longan. Irrigation provides sufficient water for longan, and the water content can not be too much or too little during irrigation. Water should be supplied according to the weather and the growth cycle of longan.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Longan diseases include longan ghost broom, anthrax, frost Phytophthora and so on. Ghost broom disease is one of the main diseases of longan, which will cause the young leaves of longan can not stretch and inhibit the growth of longan. In the process of prevention and control, it is necessary to prevent some disease-transmitting insects in time, such as bugs, wood lice, etc. At the same time, cut off the diseased branches and leaves, strengthen the management in the process of longan planting, and improve the disease resistance of longan.