The market is distorted seriously and the grain industry chain is overburdened.

At present, China's grain production, grain market there are some people do not understand: on the one hand, the surge in grain imports, on the other hand, inventory backlog, grain sales difficult to attack again; on the one hand,"who will grow grain" worry, on the other hand,"eleven consecutive increase" proud achievements; on the one hand, the pressure on resources and environment is increasing, on the other hand, the impulse to simply pursue output is not reduced...... perhaps some people say that more grain is always a good thing. However, this only shows the surface of things. Is the market normal behind the abundant grain? Is there a problem with the food structure? How to protect farmers 'enthusiasm for growing grain? Is food production sustainable? These are all questions that require careful study and in-depth consideration. Semi-monthly reporters recently went deep into a number of major grain provinces to interview, found that food security is facing a new situation and test, relevant strategies and policy measures have reached the threshold of adjustment.

Grain sales are not moving, grain farmers want to cry but no tears--a front-line investigation from Henan Province, a big grain province

This year, Henan's total summer grain output exceeded 70 billion jin, increasing production for 13 consecutive years. However, for grain farmers, the joy of harvest did not last long, because the backlog of grain in hand became a hot potato.

Over the past few days, reporters have visited several counties and districts in Henan Province and found that it is difficult to sell grain locally. It is difficult to continuously sell grain through the transmission of grain chain, capital chain and land chain, causing chain adverse reactions: grain brokers are slow to sell after purchasing a large amount of grain; large grain growers are difficult to maintain and have no money to invest in reproduction; agricultural materials dealers have serious credit sales and difficult operation...

"Now I'm so anxious that I want to bite."

Recently, the streets of Quanqiao Town, Fangcheng County, have been lined with large trucks selling grain. The shortest of these cars has been parked on the roadside for four or five days, and the longest has been parked for more than ten days. Drivers reported that Coupon Bridge had a grain purchase point entrusted by China Grain Reserve, but only one or two trucks of wheat were collected every day. As a result, they could only queue outside the grain depot and on both sides of the road for a long time.

While waiting, the drivers set up hammocks in the woods outside the grain depot, seemingly leisurely surfing the Internet and resting... Compared with the slightly "reserved" purchase of the grain depot, a private purchase point next to the grain depot was open to purchase wheat. Although the price is only 0.95 yuan per catty, more than 2 cents lower than the protection price, farmers still come to sell grain. "If you don't sell food, you won't have money to spend." A grain farmer said.

Those who are reluctant to sell at a low price are only pressed in their hands. At the home of Li Junping (pseudonym), a grain broker in southern Henan, the reporter saw piles of wheat bare, spreading from the house to the outside like undulating hills. Weighing scales, snakeskin bags and cart racks were scattered among them. From time to time pigeons fly down from the roof to peck. The air was filled with the stench of pigeon droppings mixed with mildewed grain…

After the harvest of new wheat this year, Li Junping bought 400,000 catties from farmers. "It lasted for 10 days before and after, and it was piled up at home for more than two months without 'going'. I have been engaged in the grain distribution business for more than ten years, and this is the first time I have encountered such a situation."

Also encountered grain sales difficulties, there is another broker Liu Baochen. Liu Baochen's 71-year-old father, Liu Changzhi, hanged himself not long ago because he failed to pay his grain in time and could not bear the abuse of farmers.

Liu Baochen introduced that he and several partners collected more than 2.4 million catties of wheat before and after. After spending more than 1 million yuan of private loans, more than 1 million yuan of grain has not been paid. Farmers kept coming to ask for it, and at most nearly 50 people came a day.

"People who want money always swear when they are anxious. My father has never been so angry at his age. He hanged himself when he couldn't think of it." Liu Baochen said,"According to the experience of previous years, the national protection price is 1.18 yuan, and our purchase price is 1.1 yuan. Excluding freight and labor, we can earn 2 cents per catty." Who would have thought that such a situation would happen? I'm so anxious that I want to bite you."

Statistics show that as of August 20, Henan Province has purchased 34.04 billion catties of wheat accumulatively, 6.12 billion catties less than the same period last year, among which whether the government supports the market acquisition or the market subject acquisition volume, compared with the same period last year significantly reduced.

"Grasshoppers tied to the same rope."

As time goes by, the impact of the difficulty in selling grain is gradually transmitted to a deeper level: because the wheat purchased by brokers is difficult to sell, the grain farmers, including large grain growers, encounter "IOUs", so the latter cannot pay the credit sales of agricultural materials merchants. Everyone became "grasshoppers tied to the same rope" and had a hard time.

In Yuantan Town, Tanghe County, Qin Changchun, an agricultural materials dealer, took out a thick stack of bills. Roughly counting, there are more than 30. I saw that the information on farmers selling agricultural materials on credit was recorded one by one, ranging from three to five hundred yuan to tens of thousands of yuan.

"I've roughly calculated it. Up to now, there are still more than 2 million yuan in agricultural materials owed to the outside world. Most of them were owed on credit when wheat was planted last year. Now the corn is about to be harvested. Some of them haven't given a cent for two seasons in a row." Qin Changchun said.

The same as Tang River agricultural materials dealers, Shi Yihang told reporters, by the continuous sale of grain difficult impact, in the face of a large number of agricultural materials credit sales, not long ago had to take the form of grain debt recovery arrears. "There are three large grain growers, and the total arrears amount to more than 200,000 yuan. There is really no way to offset part of the debt with 100,000 catties of wheat. If it takes too long and there are too many, we can't afford it."

The reporter noticed that unlike ordinary farmers, for large grain farmers, the grain sales amount is equivalent to the working capital used for agricultural production, and piles of grain cannot be realized, resulting in a "neck effect".

Dong Haijun, a large grain grower in Xiangdian Town of Xi County, said that every year after harvesting crops, he gave agricultural materials money. Now because wheat cannot be sold out, agricultural materials arrears amount to more than 200,000 yuan. "The working capital for grain cultivation, including the purchase of agricultural materials, farming expenses, farmers 'land rent, etc., mainly depends on the sale of grain. If the grain cannot be sold, the subsequent turnover will be difficult to sustain."

Yang Xiuli (pseudonym), a large grain grower in another county, feels that "every day lives in deep water". According to her introduction, last year's disaster plus the current grain sales difficulties, so far has been in debt more than 4 million yuan, in addition to agricultural materials credit sales, there are 2 million yuan of private loans.

"in the past, after selling the grain of this season, we hurriedly repaid the agricultural funds of last season, and at the same time paid the land subcontracting fee for the next quarter. Now that the grain is in hand, the chain is not moving, so we can only borrow money everywhere. " Yang Xiuli said.

"if you lose too much money, you will inevitably run away."

In addition to the chain reaction caused by the grain chain and capital chain, the difficulty of selling grain also has a negative impact on land circulation and scale operation, and there are even signs of lease withdrawal locally.

Wang Chunyou, an agricultural dealer in southern Henan, said that at present, many large grain growers are struggling to maintain and operate at a loss, and if the difficulty in selling grain is not alleviated, the next step may usher in a wave of bankruptcy and bankruptcy. "where land transfer rents are high, investment is large, and the infrastructure is poor, drought and flood do not guarantee a bumper harvest. If the grain cannot be sold after hard work, if you lose too much money, you will inevitably run away. "

In fact, the reporter has found some large grain growers running away in the field investigation. Even those who struggle to support it all say that the size of the land will be reduced or even withdrawn completely after the autumn harvest.

In Wolong District, Nanyang City, a grain broker surnamed Yang said that a man from Zhengzhou who had transferred 2000 mu of land in the area had encountered difficulties in selling wheat after harvest this year, and all of them were sold to him at a low price and ran away.

Liu Yong, a 31-year-old grain grower in Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, told reporters that he began to lease land in 2009, with a maximum of more than 6300 mu, and had a debt of more than 2 million yuan in poor management. Last year, he was forced to reduce the area to more than 5200 mu.

"at present, in addition to the sale of agricultural materials on credit, farmers alone owe more than 1 million yuan in land rent, and they have also borrowed more than 600,000 yuan from usury with a monthly interest rate of 3 percent. I've been thinking about turning over, but it's hard to sell grain. " Liu Yong said, "at the end of this autumn, we are going to return all the land. Before the contract expires, there will probably be disputes with farmers, but we can't take care of them."

Liu Xueyou, a big grain grower in Xixian County, said that the unsalable situation of wheat has not been seen for many years and hopes to attract the attention of all parties. "timely measures will be taken to open the 'dead knot' and make these chains turn. For large grain growers, it is often a loss of three years a year. If you don't see the future, it's easy to give up. "

Is there too much grain in China?

What is the reason why grain can't be sold? Is there too much food in our country? If there is too much grain, why do China's grain imports repeatedly hit record highs? data show that in the first half of this year, China imported 16.29 million tons of cereals and cereal flour, including wheat, corn and barley, an increase of more than 60 percent over the same period last year. What's the problem?

Prices are upside down and imports soar

Qi Tingjun, a major grain grower in Qianjin Farm of the Sanjiang Administration of Land Reclamation in Heilongjiang Province, has been engaged in rice cultivation for more than 20 years, and this year he has planted more than 600 mu of rice. Qi Tingjun told reporters that before 2004, because there was no purchase policy to support the market, grain prices fluctuated greatly, and the income from growing grain could not be guaranteed. After 2004, the state implemented the minimum purchase price policy for rice, and raised the price year by year, and his income from growing grain became better and better.

"there is no need to worry about whether the rice can be sold at all. if there is a minimum purchase price, we will sell the grain to the local grain reserves." Qi Tingjun said.

The choice of Qi Tingjun is also the choice of many farmers. In the past 10 years, the minimum protective price and temporary collection and storage policy have greatly aroused the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain, while at the same time, domestic grain prices have been rising for many years. At present, there are many phenomena in China's grain market, such as grain prices upside down at home and abroad, grain prices in main producing and selling areas, finished grain and raw grain prices upside down, and so on.

Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that China has been raising the purchase price of grain because of the higher cost of farming. For example, the original farmers grow their own land, there is no cost of land rent, now the scale of land circulation, there is a rental cost. The reporter learned that there has been a sharp rise in land transfer prices in Heilongjiang, Shandong and other places this year, with an increase of more than 20% in many places.

Ye Xingqing, head of the Rural Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that from the point of view of China's development stage and natural endowment, it is an inevitable trend for grain prices to hang upside down. Due to the situation of large population and little land in our country, at the present stage of development, the costs of labor and agricultural products have risen sharply. "however, two special factors have caused the arrival of the time ahead of schedule. One is that we have raised the purchase price year after year, and the other is the decline in grain prices in the international market in recent years, which has led to the arrival of grain prices upside down."

Experts said that the upside-down of domestic and foreign prices led to a surge in grain imports, and the upside-down of domestic inter-regional grain prices led to a decline in the enthusiasm of grain harvesting from the main selling areas to the main producing areas. These are all important reasons why it is difficult to sell grain at present.