Expert Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and villages: guidance on Scientific fertilization of crops in Spring 2019

The expert group on scientific fertilization guidance of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Crop Production Management Department of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs gave guidance opinions on scientific fertilization of crops in spring of 2019.

1. wheat

(1) Irrigated winter wheat area in North China Plain. Including Shandong and Tianjin all, Hebei central and southern, Henan central and northern, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, southern Shanxi.

fertilization principle

(1) According to the growth of seedlings and the occurrence of freezing damage in winter and spring, apply nitrogen fertilizer in stages, appropriately increase the application proportion in the middle and late jointing stage; scientifically determine the amount and time of topdressing according to the application amount of base fertilizer, seedling situation, temperature and soil fertility; topdressing according to the land, seedling and time.

(2) According to soil moisture and water and fertilizer retention capacity, reasonably determine irrigation amount and time, and achieve integration of water and fertilizer management.

(3) Seize the favorable opportunity of wheat returning to green and jointing, take timely control measures to promote weak seedling transformation, improve ear rate, control prosperous field blocks, prevent late green lodging.

(2) Rain-fed winter wheat area in North China. Including Jiangsu and Anhui provinces north of Huaihe River, southeast Henan.

fertilization principle

(1) According to the moisture content in different places, the combination of suppression and intertillage should be carried out before the wheat returns to green, so as to keep the soil moisture, increase the ground temperature to promote the transformation of seedling condition and improve the drought resistance of wheat.

(2) Fertilization of wheat should be layered, repeated and small, that is, combined with weather. Before and after rainfall and snowfall, a small amount of fertilizer should be covered. After fertilization, fertilizer should not be exposed to the air.

(3) Winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai five provinces and cities, southern Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.

fertilization principle

(1) According to the moisture content and seedling situation in various places, suppression or hoeing shall be carried out before wheat returns to green, so as to improve moisture preservation, prevent cold and freeze, promote the transformation of seedling situation and enhance wheat drought and cold resistance.

(2) Scientifically determine the amount of topdressing and irrigation according to soil fertility, basal fertilizer application, seedling situation and soil moisture, and fertilize and irrigate according to the location and seedling.

(3) Combining fertilizer and water management with drought resistance and drainage and pest control.

(4) Rain-fed dry winter wheat area in Northwest China. It includes northern Hebei, southern Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia, most of Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, western Henan, northern Ningxia and eastern Gansu.

fertilization principle

(1) There is a big difference between precipitation before sowing wheat last year and precipitation in different places in winter. In spring, according to local precipitation and soil moisture, suppression or hoeing shall be carried out before wheat returns to green, so as to improve soil moisture and preserve soil moisture, promote seedling transformation, enhance wheat drought resistance and cold protection ability, and prevent cold, freeze and spring drought.

(2) According to the seedling situation, seize the opportunity, carry out topdressing in early spring, combine precipitation topdressing or chemical regulation, promote control combination, ensure stable yield and increase yield of dry land wheat.

(5) Irrigated spring wheat area in northwest China. Mainly spring wheat, including central Inner Mongolia, northern Ningxia, central and western Gansu, eastern Qinghai and Xinjiang.

fertilization principle

(1) Determine target yield according to soil fertility, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus input, supplement potassium fertilizer and appropriate trace fertilizer.

(2) Increase the application of organic fertilizer, return the full amount of straw to the field to improve soil fertility, and advocate the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

(3)"nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coordination, early application of base fertilizer, clever application of topdressing". Strictly control the quality of base fertilizer application and sowing to ensure that seedlings are neat and complete. Timely topdressing to prevent over-flourishing and lodging of wheat in early stage and fertilizer reduction in late stage.

(4) Topdressing should be effectively combined with irrigation. Adopt water and fertilizer integration or topdressing before irrigation, spraying zinc and boron and other trace fertilizers outside roots at booting stage.

II. Rice

(1) Single cropping rice area in cold region of Northeast China. Including all of Heilongjiang and some counties in Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia.

fertilization principle

(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus appropriately and optimize the amount of potassium fertilizer.

(2) Reduce the amount and proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in base tiller, increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in panicle, and make the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in panicle reach about 30% at jointing stage.

(3) Early application of green returning fertilizer promotes early tillering and early development, and green returning fertilizer is applied within 3 days after transplanting.

(4) Supplement medium and trace elements appropriately according to the nutrient status of trace elements in soil.

(5) Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be applied to acidic plots, compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer with lower pH value should be used as base fertilizer in alkaline plots, urea should be used less or not as topdressing, ammonium sulfate can be used as topdressing.

(6) Dry rotary tillage after base fertilizer application to realize full-layer fertilization; water-saving irrigation technology shall be adopted, and the field shall be sunned for about 3 days before fertilization, so as to fertilize with water and nitrogen; in conditional areas, lateral deep fertilization and transplanting integration can be adopted.

(2) Northeast single-cropping rice area. Including Jilin, Liaoning Province, as well as all of Inner Mongolia Chifeng, Tongliao and Xing 'an League counties.

fertilization principle

(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization and the characteristics of fertilizer demand of varieties, the reasonable fertilizer amount of the plot is determined.

(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, allocate the application period of nitrogen fertilizer reasonably, and increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer appropriately.

(3) Rational application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, appropriate supplement of medium and trace element fertilizer.

(4) On the basis of increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage.

(3) Single cropping rice area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Including western Hubei, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi, northern Guizhou.

fertilization principle

(1) Increase the application of organic fertilizer and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.

(2) According to the soil fertility, adjust the proportion of basal fertilizer and topdressing appropriately.

(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water and nitrogen".

(4) In oil-rice rotation field, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used in rice should be reduced appropriately.

(5) Choose medium and low concentration phosphorus fertilizer, such as calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer and calcium phosphate, potassium chloride for potassium fertilizer.

(6) For fields with soil pH value below 5.5, alkaline fertilizer containing silicon or quicklime shall be applied appropriately.

(4) Single and double cropping rice areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Including central and eastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, northern Jiangxi, Anhui all.

fertilization principle

(1) The total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced appropriately, and the proportion of nitrogen and fertilizer should be increased.

(2) Deep application of base fertilizer and topdressing "with water and nitrogen".

(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferably selects calcium phosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride is selected for potassium fertilizer.

(4) Increase organic fertilizer application and encourage straw return to field. (5) Zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer are applied together.

(5) Single cropping rice area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including all of Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang.

fertilization principle

(1) increase the application of organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic combination. (2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and topdressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer.

(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water and nitrogen".

(4) In oil-wheat-rice rotation field, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer for rice should be reduced appropriately, and potassium chloride should be selected for potassium fertilizer.

(6) Single and double cropping rice areas in hilly areas of Jiangnan. Including central and southern Hunan, southeastern Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang, central and northern Fujian, northern Guangdong.

fertilization principle

(1) Determine target yield according to soil fertility, control total nitrogen fertilizer, balance application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and combine organic and inorganic.

(2) Deep application of base fertilizer and topdressing "with water and nitrogen".

(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred to calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium phosphate. (4) Appropriate application of soil conditioner or quicklime in acidic soil.

(5) Zinc fertilizer should be applied reasonably in zinc deficient areas.

(7) Double-season early rice in hilly areas of South China Plain. Including southern Guangxi, southern Guangdong, Hainan and southeast Fujian.

fertilization principle

(1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base and topdressing, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and implement the nitrogen fertilizer later.

(2) Deep application of base fertilizer and topdressing "with water and nitrogen".

(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred to calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium phosphate. (4) For fields with soil pH value below 5.5, alkaline fertilizer containing silicon or quicklime shall be applied appropriately.

(5) Supplement trace element zinc fertilizer to zinc-deficient fields, gleyed rice fields and low temperature and light deficient areas.

(6) Organic and inorganic fertilizer combination, advocating straw returning to field.

(8) Single cropping rice area in mountainous areas of southwest plateau. Including all Yunnan, southwest Sichuan, Guizhou, western Hunan, northern Guangxi.

fertilization principle

(1) increase the application of organic fertilizer, implement straw return to the field, organic and inorganic combination.

(2) Adjust the proportion of basal fertilizer and topdressing, and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage.

(3) In phosphorus deficient soil, phosphorus fertilizer should be increased appropriately to select the best calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer.

(4) For rice fields with low potassium supply capacity, attention should be paid to potassium supplement in the later stage of rice growth.

(5) For fields with soil pH value below 5.5, alkaline soil conditioner containing calcium and calcium or quicklime based on base shall be applied appropriately.

(6) Combination of fertilizer application with high yield and good quality cultivation techniques.