Shaping and pruning techniques of Changwu Peach trees in Shaanxi Province

Peach trees are small deciduous trees, which are easy to blossom and bear fruit. generally, they begin to bear fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting, bear a large amount of fruit in 4 ~ 5 years, and begin to senescence after 15 years. From planting to senescence, it can be divided into young tree stage, fruiting initial stage, full fruit stage and aging stage. The crown structure, branch growth, fruit branch, reserve branch and maintenance branch and the proportion of all kinds of fruit branches are different in different periods. Let's take a look at the shaping and pruning techniques of peach trees in Changwu, Shaanxi Province.

The main results are as follows: 1. When a single branch renews the fruit-bearing branch, the lower part will branch at the same time, and a strong branch should be left in winter pruning.

By using the short cutting method, 2 ~ 4 flower buds are re-cut at the base of the fruiting branch, which can not only bear fruit, but also extract strong shoots from the base of the branch. Or use the method of long release (mostly applied to varieties with higher distribution of flower buds or softer fruit branches), that is, leave more fruit in the middle and upper part of the branch, let it droop naturally and promote the lower part to produce new shoots. When cutting in winter, all the parts above the strong tip should be cut off, leaving only one branch, in case of next year's fruit.

2. It is better to use this method when the tree potential is weak, the fertilizer and water is insufficient or the regeneration ability of basal buds is poor.

That is to say, only 2-3 buds are heavily truncated at the base of the branches, and 2 shoots are selected after the new shoots are drawn, and the upper shoots are gently cut and put as a result, while 2-3 buds are still heavily truncated on the lower branches to make long shoots for regeneration. When cutting the upper branch from the base and the mother branch in winter, the two pruning methods of the lower branch are the same as the previous year, that is, the length of the upper branch is the fruit, and the heavy cutting of the lower branch is used as a regeneration branch. In the future, this will be done every year, so that the result site will be stable and will not rise too fast.

3. After picking the fruit, the peach tree is more suitable for pruning.

After fruit picking, the growth of new shoots is accelerated, and the ability to form secondary shoots is strong, which is easy to cause poor ventilation in the chamber, increase nutrient consumption and affect flower bud differentiation, so reasonable pruning must be carried out. For the strong branches or branches in the upper part of the crown, they can be sprained and pressed from the base after thinning the strong shoots to control the growth of the base. For competitive branches, the method of sprain can be adopted to control its growth and promote its transformation to fruiting branches. For overlapping branches, crossed branches and old and weak branches, they should be retracted in time; for over-dense branches, thin and weak branches and useless upright branches, they should be removed in time; for upright branches with room for growth, they can be pressed down in the crown to ease their growth.

4. Summer pruning

It mainly includes four aspects: first, sprouting and de-sprouting, that is, from budding to the early stage of shoot growth, remove overdense or useless buds and shoots in order to save nutrients. The second is to pick the heart to the upright long branch and leave 6-8 buds to pick the heart in early May. The secondary main branches can be cultivated for one year; the secondary branches with strong growth potential at the apex can be cut off in the middle and late June, leaving the mediocre branches to form fruiting branches; when the growth potential of the main branches is unbalanced, it can weaken the growth potential of the strong branches and promote the growth of the weak branches. The third is pruning, that is, thinning the inner chamber and overdense branches. The upright branches in the upper part of the trunk were thinned from July to August. The fourth is twisting branches, twisting the upright branches with strong growth in the first and middle of May to make the new shoots grow horizontally or sagging, and promote the formation of fruiting branches.

5. Winter pruning

It usually begins half a month after the fallen leaves. The main contents are as follows: short pruning of backbone branches and all kinds of fruiting branches, thinning of dense branches, overlapping branches, crossed branches, weak branches, disease and insect branches, etc., culture and renewal of various types of fruiting branches, maintain the balance between vegetative growth and fruit, prevent premature senescence of trees, and prolong the life of full fruit.