A complete collection of water and fertilizer techniques in high-yielding vineyards!

Generally speaking, the yield per mu of grapes ranges from 4000 to 5000 jin, and the annual profit of one mu of vineyard ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions. In the process of vineyard management, the management technology of water and fertilizer is particularly important, so the following will be sorted out as follows. Mastering high yield will no longer be a problem.

1. Fertilization techniques in vineyards

(1) types of fertilization for grapes

1. Application of base fertilizer

If you want high yield and good quality of grapes, soil nutrients are very important, but general soil nutrients can not meet the needs of high yield, so the application of base fertilizer is particularly important. Generally speaking, it is mainly mature organic fertilizer, while adding chemical fertilizers such as calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate.

two。 Application of budding fertilizer

Budding fertilizer is mainly integrated nitrogen fertilizer, urea 20KG per mu and calcium superphosphate 10KG per mu.

3. Application of pre-anthesis fertilizer

Mainly available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.

4. Application of Fruit Fertilizer

Urea and potassium sulfate are mainly applied to strong fruit fertilizer.

5. Coloring fertilizer

The application of coloring fertilizer is mainly potash fertilizer, and magnesium sulfate is added properly.

6. Postharvest fertilizer

The main application of postharvest fertilizer is ternary compound fertilizer and rotten manure.

(2) the time of fertilization for grapes

1. Use time of base fertilizer

The application period is mostly carried out after defoliation, but now it is changed to be carried out after fruit picking, and ditch or hole application is used when applying fertilizer, usually once every two years. After fertilizing, immediately use soil to bury fertilizer ditches and holes, and carry out irrigation.

two。 Topdressing time of grape

In addition to base fertilizer, topdressing is also very important for grapes. Sprouting fertilizer is applied before sprouting (about February), mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and in late April, a pre-flowering fertilizer is applied. When the grape is sprayed with foliar fertilizer 20-30 days before berry ripening and when the fruit begins to soften but has not yet colored, apply strong fruit fertilizer and coloring fertilizer. After fruit harvest, due to the high nutrient consumption of the tree, it is necessary to apply fertilizer to ease the tree potential and delay the defoliation.

2. Irrigation techniques of vineyards

1. Surface furrow irrigation

This is the main irrigation method adopted by vineyards all over the country for a long time. Irrigation water enters the vineyard through the canal system set in the field, and irrigation is carried out along the planting ditch in the vineyard. This irrigation method has less investment and is more convenient for irrigation. and can be combined with fertilization, but the disadvantage is large water demand, irrigation water use efficiency is not high.

two。 Vineyard flooding

That is to say, flood irrigation is carried out in the whole garden, which is a special irrigation method mainly used in vineyards in saline-alkali land to reduce the salt in the topsoil.

3. Vineyard sprinkler irrigation

Fixed or movable sprinkler irrigation machines are specially set up in the vineyard, and under artificial pressure, irrigation water supplies water to grape plants by means of artificial rainfall formed by pipes and sprinklers, and sprinkler irrigation can save about 30% of water. At the same time, extra-root topdressing can be combined with sprinkler irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation can also reduce the temperature in the vineyard when high temperature in summer.

4. Drip irrigation in vineyard

Drip irrigation pipes are arranged on the vineyard shelf surface or on the ground surface, and emitters are arranged above each root system to slowly infiltrate into the soil by dripping water. Drip irrigation reduces water loss by runoff, saves water by more than 50%, and can be combined with fertilization. At the same time, it can cooperate with the computer to carry out automatic regulation and reasonable water supply according to the plant growth results. In some areas, plastic film mulching is combined with drip irrigation, and drip irrigation under plastic film is carried out to save water more significantly.

In addition to water and fertilizer, pest control and weeding are also particularly important in vineyard management. comprehensive management is necessary to make the grapes in the vineyard high-yield.