Technical guidance on Prevention and Control of Wheat Diseases and insect pests in Autumn and Winter 2015

◆ adheres to the principle of "giving prominence to key points, regional governance, adjusting measures to local conditions and classified guidance", and carries out the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control".

◆ adopts the prevention and control strategy of the combination of green prevention and control and unified control, uses comprehensive agricultural, biological, physical and chemical measures to plant disease-resistant varieties, vigorously popularizes seed dressing with pesticides, reasonably adopts late sowing at the right time, and removes self-growing wheat seedlings in the field and roadside weeds.

In order to further strengthen the seed dressing of wheat in autumn sowing and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in autumn and winter, the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center and the national wheat industrial system pest prevention and control function research room organized relevant experts, put forward the technical guidance for the prevention and control of major wheat diseases and insect pests in autumn and winter in different producing areas of our country, and we extracted the main contents for your reference. -- Editor

Focus of prevention and control

Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region: mainly sheath blight, root rot, total erosion, smut, cyst nematode, yellow mosaic, underground pests and weeds, as well as seedling rust, powdery mildew, aphids and gray planthoppers.

In the wheat area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, sheath blight, total erosion disease, scattered smut and fishy smut were the main objects, and a few fields were harmed by underground pests.

Southwest wheat region: mainly wheat stripe rust, taking into account scab, powdery mildew, wheat aphid, wheat spiders and underground pests and other diseases and insect pests.

Northwest wheat region: take wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, fishy smut and underground pests as the main control targets.

Planting varieties resistant to diseases and insect pests

In the frequent occurrence area of stripe rust in the south of Huang-Huai River, rust-resistant and slow-rust varieties such as Zhoumai 17, Yumai 34, Yumai 49, Yumai 69, Xinmai 19, Xinnong 979 and Xiaoyan 6 should be planted in the areas with frequent occurrence of stripe rust. In the areas where cyst nematode disease is serious, varieties with certain disease resistance, such as Space 6, Zhongyu 6 and Xinmai 11, should be selected. Resistant varieties such as Xinmai 208, Yumai 70-36, Panmai 5, Yumai 70 and Zhengmai 366 can be planted in the frequent and new areas of wheat yellow mosaic disease.

In the wheat areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the areas with heavy occurrence of scab, varieties with certain resistance to scab and other diseases should be selected to reduce the pressure of using chemicals to control wheat scab in the later stage.

The southwest wheat region is mainly resistant to stripe rust. According to local conditions, resistant varieties such as Mianza 168, Mianmai 37, Mianmai 39, Mianmai 41, Mianmai 43, Mianmai 45, Chuanmai 42, Chuannong 18, Xikemai 2, Emai 18, Yunmai 2, Qianmai 15, Zhoumai 17 and Wanmai 53 were selected.

Northwest wheat region is the oversummer area of wheat stripe rust. Planting improved wheat varieties with different resistance genes at different elevations in this area plays a very important role in controlling the spread of wheat stripe rust and the initial bacterial source. Disease-resistant (tolerant) varieties should be planted in the wheat areas around the summer areas such as Longnan Mountain and Liupanshan. Other areas in the northwest wheat region try to select local varieties with high quality, disease resistance and high yield according to the situation.

Seed dressing with medicament

According to the situation of diseases and pests, high efficiency suspension seed coating agents such as tebuconazole, difenoconazole, pyronitrile and difenoconazole were used for wheat seed coating to prevent diseases, and appropriate amount of imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent was used to prevent pests, yellow dwarf disease and bushy dwarf disease. the mixture of the two can treat the main diseases and insect pests at seedling stage. In the summer area of stripe rust and its surrounding wheat areas, seed dressing agents such as triadimefon and tebuconazole were used to treat stripe rust and powdery mildew in seedling stage and prevent the occurrence of fishy smut in the later stage. In the total erosion disease occurrence area, difenoconazole suspension seed coating agent and silothiazide (total erosion net) suspension agent are mainly used for seed dressing or coating; phoxim or chlorpyrifos can be used for underground pests; soil treatment should be carried out for fields with particularly serious soil-borne diseases and underground pests. In the mixed occurrence area of many kinds of diseases and pests, the seed coating agent or seed mixing agent composed of fungicides and insecticides can be used for coating or seed treatment according to the main local diseases and insect pests. The effective components of each single agent in the compound (mixed) agent should be roughly the same as when used alone. In the areas where aphids, wheat spiders and underground pests were seriously damaged at seedling stage, phoxim or imidacloprid suspension seed coating agents were used to treat seeds.

Agricultural measures

In the area where corn straw is returned to the field in Huang-Huai wheat region, it is necessary to make fine soil preparation, bury corn straw in the soil as far as possible, clean up the residual stalks of seedlings, and combine winter irrigation and suppression of wheat seedlings after emergence. In the areas or fields where cyst nematode disease occurs seriously, we should focus on popularizing the measures of suppressing and controlling the disease after sowing and autumn seedling stage. In the summer area of wheat stripe rust, self-growing wheat seedlings should be cleared by manual eradication and spraying herbicides, and late sowing should be adopted according to soil moisture during sowing period to reduce the infection of stripe rust in seedling stage, reduce the disease in seedling stage and depress the bacterial source of autumn seedlings.

Autumn seedling control

According to the incidence of autumn seedlings such as stripe rust, powdery mildew and sheath blight, noodle preservation was carried out when the disease was serious. In southern Shaanxi, where stripe rust is plentiful in winter, monitoring should be strengthened and chemical control should be carried out in the field of early disease. triazole fungicides can be used for spray control. In the areas where sheath blight occurs at the seedling stage, monitoring should be strengthened and control should be carried out as early as possible; on the basis of seed dressing and prevention, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids at seedling stage in Weibei Arid Plateau, Longdong area of Gansu Province, Longnan area of Gansu Province and winter wheat area of southern Ningxia. Prevent the occurrence of wheat yellow dwarf disease. Early winged aphids can be trapped and killed by yellow board, and insecticides such as imidacloprid and imidacloprid can be sprayed to control aphids.