Technical plan for prevention and control of main tea diseases and insect pests in 2019

The main diseases and insect pests in tea gardens in China are tea small green leafhopper (small green leafhopper), black whitefly, gray tea inchworm, tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea orange gall mite, coffee small claw mite, horned breast beetle, tea net bug, tea black moth, tea yellow thrips, tea stick thrips, tea cake disease and anthracnose, etc. in 2019, in order to effectively control the main diseases and insect pests of tea trees, we should control the losses to a minimum and ensure the safety of tea production and quality. This plan is specially formulated.

I. Prevention and control targets

The disposal rate of major diseases and insect pests reached more than 90%, the overall control effect of insect pests reached more than 85%, and the loss rate of tea plant diseases and insect pests was controlled within 10%. The quality of tea meets the requirements of China's tea hygiene quality standards, and the coverage rate of green prevention and control technology has reached more than 50%.

II. Prevention and control strategies

Take ecological regulation as the basis, focus on physical and chemical control and biological control, and take scientific drug use as emergency measures. Adhere to measures in accordance with local conditions and regional management, give priority to the use of green prevention and control technologies such as fitness cultivation, immune resistance, light trapping, color trapping and biological pesticides, as well as the protection and utilization of natural enemies, scientific, safe and rational use of high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides, minimize the use of chemical pesticides, promote the integration of regional unified control and green prevention and control, and ensure the quality and safety of tea and the ecological environment of tea gardens.

III. Prevention and control measures

(1) key points of prevention and control in different areas

1. Tea areas in South China: mainly include Hainan Province, southern Yunnan, south-central Guangdong, southern Guangxi, southeastern Fujian. The main species are tea small green leafhopper, coffee small claw mite, gray tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea weevil, horned breast beetle, tea black moth, tea roll leaf moth, tea yellow thrips, tea orange gall mite, black whitefly, tea cake disease and tea anthracnose.

two。 Southwest tea area: mainly includes north-central Yunnan, southeast of Xizang, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province and Chongqing. The main diseases and pests are tea small green leafhopper, gray tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea stick thrips, tea net bugs, tea yellow thrips, tea black moths, black whitefly, tea tarsal mites, tea cake disease, tea anthracnose, white star disease and so on.

3. Jiangnan tea area: mainly includes northern Guangdong, northern Guangxi, northern Fujian, Zhejiang Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, southeast and west of Hubei, Anhui Province and southern Jiangsu. The main diseases and pests are tea small green leafhopper, gray tea inchworm (or tea inchworm), black whitefly, tea caterpillar, tea aphid, tea weevil, horned breast beetle, tea small leaf roll moth, tea white spot, tea anthracnose and tea cake disease.

4. Jiangbei tea area: mainly includes northern Hubei, northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu, southeastern Shandong, southern Henan, southern Shaanxi and Longnan, Gansu. The main diseases and pests are tea small green leafhopper, gray tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, black whitefly, tea aphid, tea moth, tea anthracnose and so on.

(2) main technical measures

1. Tea leafhopper. Maintain the natural vegetation around the tea garden, interplant flowering herbs and woody plants, keep weeds moderately in autumn and winter, provide shelter for spiders and parasitic bees, and enhance the potential of ecological control. During the production season, harvest in batches at the right time to remove weeds in tea rows and control the population of insects. The fields that reach the control target can be sprayed with the following chemicals: azadirachtin, veratrine, tea saponin, furosemide, indenyl, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, trimethoprim and so on.

2. Grey tea inchworm (tea inchworm). Combined with autumn ploughing and fertilization in tea garden, ploughing the soil to reduce the survival rate of overwintering pupae in the soil. The trapping lamp was installed in the gray tea inchworm frequent tea garden, and the lamp was turned on during the peak period of Eclosion to trap and kill adults. Protect and utilize important natural enemies such as tea inchworm cocoon wasp, single white velvet cocoon wasp, spiders and so on. During the adult emergence period, 2 or 3 sets of sex pheromone traps were placed per mu to trap and kill males. When the tea inchworm virus preparation is used for biological control, the suitable period for control should be in the stage of the first and second generation or the fifth and sixth generation of young larvae. When the population number reaches or exceeds the control index, agents can be selected: Camellia thuringiensis, matrine, short stable bacilli, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, biphenyl metoprolol salt and so on.

2. Tea caterpillar. Make use of the habit of tea caterpillar swarm to hunt and kill manually. During the emergence period of tea caterpillar adults, trapping lamps were installed to trap adults, and 2 to 3 sets of sex pheromone traps per mu were placed to trap males. Tea caterpillar virus preparation was used for biological control, and the appropriate period of control was in the stage of young larvae. When the population number reaches or exceeds the control target, agents can be selected: matrine, short stable bacilli, cypermethrin, biphenyl methyl salt and so on.

4. Tea orange gall mite. Collect frequently in batches at the right time, take away some adult mites, eggs, young mites and nymph mites. Seal the garden with stone-sulfur mixture or mineral oil at the end of autumn. In the early stage of the occurrence peak of tea orange gall mite, veratrine and mineral oil can be used to control it.

5. Whitefly whitefly. Strengthen the management of the tea garden, thinning branches and clearing the garden, promote the ventilation and light transmission of the tea garden to restrain its occurrence. At the beginning of emergence of adults in overwintering generation, pheromones and yellow boards were used to trap and kill adults, with 15-20 trapping boards per mu. During the peak incubation period of the first generation larvae, thiazide biphenyl and deltamethrin could be sprayed. In autumn, stone-sulfur mixture and mineral oil can be used to close the garden in the fields with high overwintering insect population.

6. Tea yellow thrips. Collect in batches at the right time, deteriorate its nutritional conditions and shelter, and take away some eggs, nymphs and adults. The adults were trapped and killed with pheromone + blue, or pheromone + yellowish green trapping board. Combined with tea small green leafhopper and gray tea inchworm and other major pests control.

7. Tetranychus tetanus. Harvest in batches, especially in combination with the machine harvest of summer tea. Control agents can be used EC mineral oil. If you do not pick the tea garden or seal the garden after autumn, spray stone-sulfur mixture, mineral oil and so on.

8. Tea cake disease. Timely harvest in batches, combined with the transformation of tea garden, select a suitable period of pruning and table cutting to remove diseased leaves. Remove dead branches, improve the ventilation and light transmittance of tea garden, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and enhance the disease resistance of tea trees. In tea gardens with severe disease over the years, difenoconazole or pyrazolyl carbendazim can be continuously sprayed twice at the initial stage of the disease, with an interval of 7-10 days.

9. Anthracnose of tea. When planting new tea gardens, select robust seedlings with resistance. Balanced fertilization can improve the disease resistance of tea trees and cut off diseased branches in time. Pick at the right time. Difenoconazole and pyrazole carbendazim can be selected for prevention and control of heavy tea garden.

Remarks: the pesticides listed in this technical scheme can only be used as a reference for tea gardens sold in China, and pesticides should be carefully selected for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in export tea gardens. The specific concentration, method of use and safety interval should carefully read the pesticide label and product instructions.

National Agricultural Technology Center

Responsible Editor: Wang Wei