Reform and innovation to stimulate greater vitality in agriculture and rural areas

Throughout the course of China's agricultural development, every good situation and every step to the next level are promoted by reform and innovation. Reform is the general key to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the central government has attached great importance to agricultural and rural reform from an overall point of view, carried out top-level design, and made comprehensive arrangements. The agricultural sector, together with other systems, has conscientiously organized and implemented it, and various localities have actively explored practice, which has greatly released agricultural productive forces and activated the potential for rural development.

Taking moderate scale operation as a breakthrough point to innovate agricultural management system

Twenty-five years ago, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the great idea of two leaps in rural reform and development. The "first leap" of implementing the household contract responsibility system has long been realized, and the "second leap" of developing moderate scale operation is still under way. "of course, this is a very long process." General Secretary Xi Jinping concluded that "Land circulation and appropriate scale operation in various forms are the only way to develop modern agriculture and the basic direction of rural reform."

If we lock in the direction of reform, the determination of land rights and transfer will become the focus. As a basic work, the registration and issuance of land rights is a prerequisite for the smooth implementation of various reforms. Since last year, the Ministry of Agriculture has steadily carried out pilot projects in 12 whole provinces (regions), 2160 counties (cities and districts), 18000 townships and 290000 villages in Shandong, Sichuan and Anhui, with a measured contracted land area of 350 million mu and a confirmed right area of 260 million mu. In addition, the circulation service system with service stations in villages, transfer centers in villages and towns, and trading markets in counties and cities has been gradually formed, and the land has been transferred in an orderly manner. the latest data show that the circulation area of household contracted cultivated land is 430 million mu, an increase of 6.4% over the end of 2014, and the transfer area accounts for 32.3% of the cultivated land contracted by households.

On this basis, various localities actively explore various forms of moderate scale operation and cultivate all kinds of new business entities: Renfa Modern Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province attracts farmers to bring land into the cooperative to maximize the benefit of land output. at present, there are more than 2600 peasant households and more than 50, 000 mu of cultivated land. Through land trusteeship, Shandong centralizes zero ploughing and broken land, increasing the yield of food crops by 20% per mu and 30% per mu, and increasing efficiency by 400 to 800 yuan. At the same time, the main body of the new type of agricultural operation is gradually becoming the leader, with 3.41 million large-scale farming households and more than 870000 family farms in the country, and 1.4 million farmers' cooperatives, accounting for 38.1 percent of the total number of peasant households. There are more than 1.15 million agricultural social service organizations.

Grasping the "bull's nose", the dilemma of "who will farm the land" and "how to farm the land" has been gradually solved, and the land output rate, labor productivity and resource utilization have been significantly improved, which has become a powerful weapon to improve the comprehensive production capacity of grain and agriculture. better ensure the country's food security.

Take the reform experimental area as a starting point to comprehensively promote various reforms in rural areas.

Since last year, breakthroughs have been made in the reform of the rural land system, property rights system, financial system and so on. In October last year, the central government examined and approved the pilot program on farmers' joint-stock cooperation and the reform of rural collective assets shareholding rights; "opinions on guiding the orderly transfer of rural land management rights to develop appropriate scale operation of agriculture" and "opinions on rural land expropriation, the introduction of collective construction land into the market and the pilot reform of the homestead system" have been issued by the Central Office of the State Council. All these are major institutional innovations in rural reform, marking the gradual landing of many reforms and entering the pilot stage.

As a comprehensive platform for the central government to promote the pilot experiment of rural reform, the rural reform pilot area expanded and accelerated in November last year. The Ministry of Agriculture took the lead in launching the second batch of rural reform experimental areas, identifying 34 areas, including Tongzhou District, Beijing, and undertaking 14 reform experimental tasks with the first batch of 24 experimental areas. we will strive to make a first trial in rural land system, agricultural support and protection system, rural financial system, rural collective property right system, rural governance, and so on, and achieve breakthroughs in key areas, key links and institutional mechanisms. Explore experiences that can be replicated and popularized.

In the process of exploration and practice, the experimental area based on local practice, improve the system design, some exploration has achieved remarkable results, some practices have played an exemplary effect.

As a comprehensive supporting reform for the integration of urban and rural areas, Suzhou in Jiangsu Province has further promoted the reform of the property right system of the rural collective economy, accelerated the solidification of equity and the separation of politics and economy, encouraged and guided the joint development of members to increase capital and shares, and expanded the coverage of share dividends. Efforts should be made to realize the four fundamental changes from community type to enterprise type, from closed type to open type, from resource-oriented type to innovation-oriented type, and from traditional collective economic organization to modern enterprise system.

Deepen the reform step by step in order to safeguard the interests of farmers

Without reform, there will be no way out in rural areas, and agricultural modernization will be just a vision. However, many reforms are related to the vital interests of farmers, future generations, and the long-term stability of the country, so we must be cautious and proceed step by step. In recent years, all localities and departments attach importance to respecting the wishes of farmers, proceed from safeguarding their interests, seek progress in stability, innovate and reform, and promote their work in a standardized and orderly manner.

In rural land circulation and moderate scale operation, we should pay attention to adapting to the process of urbanization and the scale of rural labor transfer, insist on not harming farmers' rights and interests, not engaging in coercive orders, not engaging in administrative blind command, and not unilaterally pursuing a fast and large bottom line.

In the process of starting the pilot reform of joint-stock rights of rural collective assets, it is emphasized that it is necessary to prevent the erosion of farmers' interests and focus on enabling farmers to obtain more property rights; in the rural financial reform, the focus is to solve the problem of "difficult and expensive loans" for farmers.

In order to explore the reform of decoupling the price formation mechanism of agricultural products from government subsidies, gradually establish a target price system for agricultural products, and effectively ensure the income of farmers, the state launched a pilot project to reform the target prices of soybeans in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. In terms of improving the price formation mechanism of agricultural products, the Ministry of Agriculture focuses on how to operate in order to make farmers get real benefits.

Among the 50 specific tasks deployed by the Ministry of Agriculture to focus on promoting agricultural and rural reform this year, almost all of them are aimed at increasing farmers' income to promote agricultural development. It can be said that it is precisely because we have considered both agricultural development and farmers' issues, continuously deepened the reform and grasped the "degree" that we have achieved great courage, steady steps, no deviation in the direction of reform, and finally won the good situation in agricultural and rural areas. it has promoted the healthy economic and social development and the stability of the overall situation.