Is it really beneficial and harmless to plant trees in an environmentally friendly way?

Nowadays, people seem to have transformed the concept of "Arbor Day planting green" into "not only planting trees but also protecting green" to protect the ecological environment and natural resources. It is called for the calculation of "forest coverage" to be gradually changed to the calculation of "weed coverage". Many people think of planting trees when they talk about environmental protection, but they forget that three kinds of trees are becoming the nemesis of other trees in China.

Because of the obvious economic benefits of planting fast-growing eucalyptus, it has been widely planted in South China, but the theory of "harmful eucalyptus" has always been controversial.

When many people talk about environmental protection, they think of planting trees. In the eyes of many people, planting trees has become a synonym for participating in environmental protection, or the most convenient way. Therefore, more than 30 years ago, China had "Arbor Day".

I am concerned about environmental protection. In less than 20 years, after the publication of "countries without Big trees" in 2008, it has increasingly become "against the trend". At the beginning, I just opposed blindly planting trees and called on everyone to protect trees and protect natural forests. Later, he simply wanted to oppose "Arbor Day" and called on Arbor Day to change his name to "Tree Protection Festival". Now, I would like to go a step further and call on China to change the calculation of "forest coverage" to that of "weed coverage".

1. At present, three kinds of trees are becoming the nemesis of other trees in China.

If we carefully observe a tree, we will find that the tree has a very great characteristic, that is, it attaches great importance to reproduction. Almost every tree bears thousands of fruits every year. Once they mature, they hurriedly fall to the ground, looking for opportunities for sprouting and rebirth.

Because they know very well that there is very little chance that they can really grow and grow up. They may become food for cattle and sheep at any time, for insects at any time, and for viruses at any time.

However, trees that are good at breeding are not most afraid of cattle, sheep, insects and viruses. What they fear most are human knives and axes, human arson and human replacement in pursuit of economic interests.

At present, there are three kinds of trees in China, which are becoming the nemesis of other trees.

One is called poplar, which grows mainly in the north; one is called fir, which grows mainly in the south; and the other is called eucalyptus, which also grows mainly in the south.

Not long ago, I went back to my hometown and saw that all three of our brothers had rarely come back together. My father took us to the mountain and explained the trees he had planted in the past ten years for the fifth time.

As he walked, he said that these dozen trees, which he planted ten years ago, are fir trees. The other small piece, which he planted last year, is a fir tree. There is also a large area, which is planted after the transformation of the original orange orchard. Oranges are not selling well recently, so they are ready to go. They are all planted into fir trees.

The three of us followed nervously behind us. We are not interested in these trees, we are all thinking about how to make him not plant fir trees, do not let the whole village have only one kind of cedar trees.

Finally, we reached the top of a hill, where there were more than a dozen pine trees and more than a dozen other broad-leaved trees.

This is a common village in the hilly areas of northern Fujian. This is a common family in northern Fujian. This is the most common "cedar movement" in northern Fujian.

This "Cedar Movement" movement involves almost every peasant family. The reason is that farmers are ready to go to the city to work and live. In this situation, the farmland has to be barren, too fertile and too reluctant to give up. It can be profitable to plant some vegetables and seedlings. Rice is no longer grown. Everyone goes to the city to buy rice shipped from other places.

The land around the village used to be the best farmland, but now, of course, it is the mountains. In the past, the "herbaceous economy", which used to be dominated by rice fields and vegetables, has gradually turned to a "woody economy" dominated by Chinese chestnut, fir trees, and fruit trees. As a result, the value of the mountains has obviously increased.

The funniest ones are the pine trees. Thirty years ago, the pine tree was still the darling of everyone competing to plant, but today, it has become a useless thing abandoned by people. Farmers first cut the roots of the pine tree in a circle, so that the tree cannot transport nutrients from the root to the top through the bark, so the tree turns yellow and can be brought down on the grounds of illness.

Before the pine tree fell, a small fir tree had been planted next to it, and it was ambitious to seize the sun and obtain the right to life.

Cunninghamia lanceolata is not so easy to grow. In the first two or three years, weeding, fertilization and medicine are still needed to prevent miscellaneous trees and weeds from overwhelming them, and kudzu vines and termites will wipe them out. But three years later, the fir tree grew to two or three meters high and was basically able to survive on its own. At this time, farmers can rest assured that they can boldly work in cities all the year round. If they can rest assured enough, they can wait until 20 years later to return to their hometown, apply for a logging permit and sell these fir trees. In the middle, there's almost nothing to worry about.

Cunninghamia lanceolata, can be said to be the most in line with the economics of farmers to the city, in the past 10 years, they have taken on the mission of the times.

Almost by agreement, the three of us asked whether these miscellaneous trees and pine trees could not be cut down. We don't want fir trees, just let this small piece survive.

Father looked at us in surprise and said, "it's impossible. Everyone is occupying the mountain. If I don't do it today, the others will do it tomorrow." Whoever occupies it belongs to whom, and it is impossible to stay.

We couldn't say anything more and went home in silence.

In 2008, when I wrote "A country without Big trees", orange trees were popular in the village. Orange trees generally grow only at the foot of the mountain, so there are still natural and semi-natural trees from the hillside to the top of the mountain. But now, there are few natural miscellaneous trees in the whole village.

There are no miscellaneous trees, only fir trees, and all the wild animals disappear. This is the most terrible "habitat destruction" in ecology. Without miscellaneous trees, the water can no longer be protected, because there is only one kind of root in the whole forest, and it is impossible for the heavy rain to slowly absorb into the soil. If Rain Water were bigger, it would be easy to cause landslides. In addition, without miscellaneous trees, the whole village does not seem to have any ecological beauty.

Although according to the statistics of the Forestry Bureau, the forest coverage in northern Fujian has not declined at all and remains above 80%, but people with a little bit of ecological common sense all know that the forest quality in northern Fujian has declined to less than 10% of its original level.

Northern Fujian is a microcosm of southern China. The "Cunninghamia lanceolata movement" and the "tea tree movement" are also taking place in Jiangxi. In Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Fujian and southern Jiangxi, the "eucalyptus movement" took place many years ago. The natural forest ecosystems in many parts of the south have been mercilessly replaced by these trees.

If you go to Leizhou Peninsula, you will know that more than 90% of the trees in Leizhou Peninsula are eucalyptus. If you go to Qinzhou and Fangchenggang in Guangxi, you will know that more than 90% of the trees in these places are already eucalyptus.

2. The misunderstanding of constructing "ecological forest"

There are several famous "shelterbelts" in China: three northern shelterbelts, Yangtze River shelterbelts and coastal shelterbelts. From today's point of view, there are still many misunderstandings in the construction of these shelterbelts.

Almost all of the three northern shelterbelts are planted with poplars. In the shelterbelt of the Yangtze River, many natural forests have been preserved in the upper reaches, and poplars are basically planted on both sides of the river banks in the middle and lower reaches. The coastal shelterbelt, the coastline north of the Yangtze River, is also dominated by "Yang Jiajun". To the south of the Yangtze River, the most important coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves and Casuarina equisetifolia, have been destroyed in China's current upsurge in real estate development, port development and industrial park development.

In order to control haze, in 2011, Beijing was cruel and wanted to create 3 million mu of "forest" throughout the city. If there is no land, we will ask for land from agriculture, transform farmland into woodland, and turn farmers into forest rangers and foresters, but the cost and cost of doing so is extremely high, with the cost of almost every mu of forest more than 100000 yuan. To this end, Beijing has almost sold out all the seedlings in the nurseries in Hebei and Shandong.

But if you think about it, you will understand what kind of trees will be in the seedlings originally nurtured for "urban greening". They are nothing more than poplars, locust trees and willows, which have been spoiled by human beings for thousands of years. Of course, most of them are poplars.

Almost all of the above-mentioned three-north shelterbelts are planted with poplars, not to mention whether the sandy land and grasslands need to plant trees, that is, they really need to plant trees, so how can they only plant poplars? The construction of shelterbelts is not for economic benefits, but for ecological protection, and the core principle of ecological protection is to let local tree species grow as much as possible. The basic principle of ecological protection is not to interfere with nature's "self-repair ability" as far as possible, and to allow local weeds and wild trees to succeed naturally. In this way, there is no water consumption, no fertilization, no need for pesticides.

Beijing has even leveled the land in order to plant 3 million mu of trees. In response, Zhang Xiang, a forestry worker from the northeast, said: "in our northeast forest, there are many 'blisters' (slightly larger beaches and puddles in the forest)." These blisters can save Rain Water at ordinary times, so that if it rains heavily, Rain Water will be decomposed and saved by these blisters and left in the forest without flooding, which will then become the best supplement for streams or groundwater. This blister also has other advantages, such as giving animals a place to drink water, forest frogs and so on, which can also lay eggs. Usually when the sun is in the sun, it evaporates water vapor and brings shade. Therefore, it is better to be rugged in the woodland, which is also an excellent protection of biodiversity. "

A forestry worker said so clearly common sense, but in the eyes of forestry experts who "protect the ecology and govern haze", it seems that it is not worth abiding by and recognizing.

Haze is now rampant in North China, a big reason is that a large number of natural wetlands, natural rivers, natural forests have disappeared, they have become poplar forests.

In fact, if poplar trees must be planted, as long as other weeds and wild trees growing under the forest are not eradicated, poplar forests may also slowly evolve into a semi-natural ecosystem to conserve water, create water, and purify the air. to provide an excellent habitat for local wild beasts, birds, insects, amphibians and reptiles.

Unfortunately, we have to get rid of all the other creatures under the poplar forest. Some say it is for fire prevention, and some say it is for poplars to grow better. Maybe the managers have forgotten that we don't want poplar, we want the forest ecosystem.