Cultivation techniques of citrus

Citrus planting should be selected in spring and autumn, with a soil depth of at least 80 cm and a living soil layer of more than 60 cm. There should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary construction facilities; different ways of pruning citrus trees in different periods; mainly soil fertilization, combined with foliar fertilization, using ring ditch application, furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization.

First, choosing a good planting time is the decisive factor to ensure the high yield of citrus.

Generally speaking, oranges are available in both spring and autumn. The maturity period varies from place to place, generally maturing in mid-September and early October of the lunar calendar. We judge ourselves according to our own local conditions.

Second, soil conditions and management are the prerequisites for the growth and development of citrus.

Citrus has relatively high requirements for soil, generally speaking, the shallow layer affects the growth of citrus roots, requiring a soil depth of at least 80 cm and a living soil layer of 60 cm. Citrus has strong adaptability to soil, but the most suitable soil for citrus growth is loam and sandy loam. Strong clayey soil and sandy soil need to be reformed. Soil pH affects the availability of soil nutrients, the soil ph value is 5.5-7.0, and the orchard slope is less than 25 degrees. When planning the garden, there shall be necessary roads, drainage and irrigation, water storage and ancillary construction facilities. In specific planning, we should concentrate as much as possible and build gardens in places with good transportation and water sources.

Third, the planting density of citrus is the key factor to ensure the sugar content of citrus.

4X6 rice is the most common spacing in citrus cultivation, but at present there is a tendency to use different planting methods to make citrus grow densely in the later stage, so the spacing of 4X3 rice and even 4X1.5 rice is often used. The planting density is usually 410 plants per hectare and 800 or even 1600 plants per hectare in the case of close planting.

Fourth, reasonable pruning can ensure the growth of citrus in different periods.

Citrus trees need to be pruned in different ways at different times.

The main results are as follows: (1) vegetative growth period: on the basis of fixed trunk shaping of seedlings, the crown is mainly cultivated, and the main branches and secondary main branches are selected in the first and second year after planting, and the lateral branches are arranged to make the tree compact and luxuriant branches and leaves. The shoots were cultivated 3 or 4 times a year to form a crown as soon as possible and remove the buds in time.

(2) growth and fruiting period: continue to cultivate the crown and bear fruit in an appropriate amount. The new shoots are promoted 2 or 3 times a year, and the shoots are dense and evenly arranged to form a compact crown as soon as possible. The middle and upper part of the plant did not bear fruit or had little fruit during the day, and the pruning was mainly to wipe buds and control shoots.

(3) full fruit stage: the height of the tree is generally controlled below 250cm, the crown opens, the periphery is concave and convex, the branches grow healthily, the thickness of the green leaf layer should be above 100cm, ventilated and transparent, and three-dimensional fruit. Control the crossing between rows, and the crown coverage is 75%-85%. Pruning according to the tree system, cut the density to stay sparse, remove the weak and stay strong; cut it and leave it inside; cut more trees with more flowers, and cut trees with fewer flowers lightly.

(4) Aging period: retractive pruning, renewal or thinning of old fruiting branches, forcing new fruiting branches in the inner chamber or lower part, keeping sprouting, keeping dense and sparse, arranged evenly, more flowers and more pruning, and suitable strong pruning of weak trees.

Fifth, fertilizer and water is the key to ensure the ripening period of citrus fruit.

Generally speaking, we should fully meet the needs of blood orange for various nutrient elements, and advocate the application of more organic fertilizer, rational application of inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer. Fertilization was guided according to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology. Our commonly used fertilization methods are mainly soil fertilization, combined with foliar fertilization. Several methods such as ring ditch application, strip ditch application, hole application and soil surface fertilizer application were adopted. We can decide according to our own actual situation.

VI. Prevention and control of citrus diseases and insect pests

Several common diseases of citrus: Huanglong disease, canker, scab. Citrus Huanglong disease is a devastating disease. Once it occurs, it cannot be cured. It must be cut off in time and disinfected with cooked lime powder in the disease point. Citrus Huanglong disease is transmitted by wood lice. In the process of citrus growth, timely use of thiazide, or acetamiprid, or imidacloprid, or imidacloprid, or phenoxarb, or thiazinone, carbosulfan and bifenthrin can reduce the incidence of wood lice.