Planting techniques of green jujube

First of all, the seedlings should be selected, and the seedlings should be planted according to the reasonable planting density in spring and autumn. Rational fertilization and watering. After planting, pay attention to pruning branches and do a good job of pest control at the same time.

I. Seedling selection

Green jujube is an improved southern maoye jujube with a wide variety of cultivars. After several years of comparative experiments, it is considered that Gaolang No. 1 and No. 2 are suitable to be popularized and cultivated in the middle and south subtropics.

Green jujube is growing vigorously. When selecting seedlings, attention should be paid to selecting seedlings with pure varieties, strong and disease-free seedlings, full bud eyes, stem diameter of more than 0.4 cm and well-developed root system of more than 40 cm in height.

II. Rational planting

1. Planting time

Green jujube is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree, and its planting time can be divided into spring and autumn. If the orchards with irrigation conditions are planted in the autumn from October to December, the yield of fresh jujube in the following year can be significantly higher than that in March and spring of the same year.

2. Planting density

The suitable row spacing is 4 m × 4 m or 4 m × 5 m, that is, 40 or 33 plants per 667 square meters (1 mu). 3. The width and depth of the planting acupoint are both 0.81m. In the planting hole, it is required to apply 80 kg of mature sifted farm manure plus 2-3 kg Puquan organic fertilizer, and mix well with the soil in the process of filling fertilizer.

3. Planting method

More nutritious jujube seedlings with intact root protection should be selected when planting. In the process of planting, the nutrition bag of the fruit seedling was gently removed, and then the main root of the bag was cut flat and planted in the planting hole. Then fully irrigated with fixed root water, after the seedlings germinated, they began to apply 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer per plant.

3. Main cultivation and management techniques

(1) fertilization technology

1. New tree planting and fertilization: green jujube newly planted trees not only need fertilizer supply but also easily hurt their roots because of their underdeveloped roots. therefore, fertilization should adhere to the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer, that is, the principle of eating less and eating more is generally 1-2 times. Shipuquan organic fertilizer 1 kg / plant.

① base fertilizer, Shipuquan organic fertilizer 2-3 kg / plant, using hole application, covering soil and watering.

② topdressing: topdressing Puquan organic fertilizer 1.5kg-2.5kg / plant, using hole application, covering soil and watering.

2. Fertilization for perennial trees

① base fertilizer. 2-3 months after retraction pruning, each plant opened a ring ditch at the crown drip line and applied 1-2 kg of Puquan organic fertilizer per plant. At this time, root cutting by fertilization can adjust the balance of root-shoot ratio and promote shoot growth.

② strong shoot fertilizer. New shoots began to sprout one month after retraction, that is, from April to August, new shoots began to sprout. Therefore, in the middle of March, each tree applied 1-2 kg of Puquan organic fertilizer per tree, covered with soil and watered after hole application.

③ fertilizer for promoting flower: blooming and hanging fruit from September to October, so it is required to apply 1-2 kg of Puquan organic fertilizer per plant in the middle of June, and to cover soil and water after hole application.

④ strong fruit fertilizer; applied in November, Shipuquan organic fertilizer 2-3 kg per plant, covered with soil and watered after hole application.

(2) Water management

The main results are as follows: 1. During the shoot growth period (4.7 months), the crown should be cultivated and irrigated in time in case of drought, otherwise the tree is not strong.

2. Irrigation should be suspended during the flowering and fruit setting period (9.10 months) to promote the plant from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

3. The plant needs a lot of water during the fruit development period (November-December). If the mule is wet at this stage, it is easy to lead to flat fruit drop.

4. Avoid a large amount of irrigation during the harvest period (December). Otherwise, the quality will decline.

4. Pruning

Green jujube grows fast, has a large amount of fruit, and its branches are soft, so it should be supported by bamboo frame after planting. The main work of pruning is to select 5 or 6 main branches in time after planting, and to erase or cut off the rest of the buds and branches. In the fruit stage, when the fruit diameter is 2 cm, it is necessary to pick the heart of the sturdier new shoots. Note that after each harvest, the last batch of fruit should be cut 30cm to 50cm above the grafting interface to cultivate strong branches in the second year.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Green jujube is a more disease-resistant jujube tree. The main disease is powdery mildew. The symptoms are white fluffy substances growing from tree trunks and leaves. It can be treated by spraying triadimefon emulsion 3000mm 5000 times. At the same time, green jujube is also easy to show element deficiency, such as magnesium deficiency caused by banded chlorosis on the leaf surface, it can be sprayed three times with magnesium chloride 300 times 500 times liquid; old leaves chlorosis and edge scorch for potassium deficiency and phosphorus disease, can be foliar sprayed with 300 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times liquid; irregular leaf yellowing in the middle of the tree is manganese deficiency, which can be treated with 400 times borax solution and 500 times magnesium manganese chloride solution.

Jujube pests are mainly beetles, inchworms and so on. The larval stage can be sprayed with 800-fold solution of trichlorfon and 500-fold solution of fenitrothion at the fourth or fifth instar. Omethoate and organophosphorus pesticides should be used less to reduce pesticide residues.