Yin Chengjie: Straw is also a baby

The "Proposal" of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to "promote the resource utilization and harmless disposal of planting and breeding waste". Crop straw is the largest amount of planting and breeding waste. Here, taking it as an example, we will talk about the resource utilization of planting and breeding waste.

China is a big country in grain production, and naturally it is also a big country in crop straw production. According to the current annual grain output of 600 million tons and the ratio of grain to grass of 1: 1.5, the theoretical yield of crop straw is as high as 900 million tons. However, the effective utilization rate of straw is low and burning phenomenon is common. Besides technical factors, the key reason is that the concept is backward and the utilization value of straw is not fully recognized. If so many straws can be utilized as resources and waste can be turned into treasure, it will be a great benefit for sustainable agricultural development, farmers 'income increase and emission reduction and haze prevention.

In fact, crop cultivation inputs cultivated land, fresh water and other agricultural inputs, and not only seeds and fruits are harvested, but straw is also an important crop achievement. In this sense, the use of straw is the use of part of agricultural achievements. From the point of view of heat, straw combustion value is about 50% of standard coal. In terms of nutritional value, 1 ton of common straw is equivalent to 0.25 tons of grain on average. Under modern agricultural conditions, crop straw is not only a waste, but also a very important agricultural product by using advanced processing technology. Crop straw contains abundant solar energy, which can produce biomass energy, biomass building materials, feed, fertilizer, edible fungi, etc., and has considerable development value.

Comprehensive utilization of crop straw can bring multiple effects. First, optimize the energy structure. The use of crop straw for power generation and gasification to develop renewable energy is conducive to increasing the proportion of green energy in China's energy structure. Second, protect the ecological environment. Reducing straw burning can greatly reduce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other gases as well as heat and particulate emissions, and reduce haze pollution. The utilization of straw resources can also avoid long-term stacking and transmission of diseases and insect pests, which is conducive to crop disease and insect pest control. Plant ash produced by straw utilization is high quality potassium fertilizer, which can replace part of chemical fertilizer and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. Third, increase farmers 'income. After the crop straw value is discovered, farmers can sell the straw to related enterprises to earn income. This is an effective expansion in the field of increasing farmers 'income, and is also conducive to improving farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, thus realizing the mutual promotion of biomass energy development and food security. Fourth, improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources. Comprehensive utilization of crop straw is essentially to improve the utilization rate of cultivated land, fresh water and other agricultural inputs and improve the comparative benefits of agriculture.

To strengthen the comprehensive utilization of crop straw, promote its transformation and appreciation, and continuously improve the development level of rural circular economy, the following basic work should be done well. One is to strengthen the research and development of comprehensive utilization technology of crop straw. Focus on strengthening the research and development of supporting technologies for straw circular economy, strengthening the research and development of related core technologies such as straw power generation, accelerating the pace of localization of complete sets of equipment, and reducing input costs. Accelerate the research and development and popularization of straw feed technology, and improve the equipment level of straw feed processing. Strengthen technology integration and supporting, improve straw comprehensive utilization technology system. Second, strengthen the management of crop straw resources. We will improve straw management methods and further improve the comprehensive utilization and circulation management mechanism of straw. Increase capital investment in comprehensive utilization of straw, guide social capital investment, and support the construction of demonstration projects for comprehensive utilization of straw. Third, attach importance to the development of straw production. When optimizing planting layout, straw resource utilization should be considered. Coordinate the development of crop farming, animal husbandry, feed industry and biomass energy, and promote the scientific development of rural circular economy. Fourth, formulate and improve straw utilization policies. Formulate reasonable straw purchase and utilization policy, make farmers obtain reasonable income, mobilize farmers 'enthusiasm for straw protection and utilization. Establish straw collection, storage and transportation management mechanism to ensure straw quantity and quality. Fifth, formulate quality standards and improve supervision and management. Scientifically formulate mechanical equipment and technical system standards used in the process of straw conversion into biomass energy, formulate quality standards for biomass energy products, and improve product quality monitoring systems to ensure quality safety.