Tobacco planting technology

Tobacco is a kind of temperature-loving crop, and the optimum temperature for growth and development is 25 ℃ 28. The water demand in the early stage of growth is the most in the middle stage and less in the later stage. The soil moisture should be kept at about 70% of the field capacity in the seedling stage, and the water supply should be stopped for 15 days before transplanting. The suitable illumination time of tobacco is 8 Mel for 10 hours per day. Red soil is the best soil, followed by red loess, sandy soil and mixed soil. Tobacco cannot be grown in areas with strong winds and hail.

1. Temperature: tobacco is a kind of temperature-loving crop, the aboveground parts can grow in the range of 8 ℃ and 38 ℃, and the suitable temperature for growth and development is 25 ℃. When the temperature is minus 2 Mel 3C, the tobacco plant will die. The underground part can grow between 7 ℃ and 43 ℃, but the most suitable temperature is 31 ℃. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 24 ℃, the lowest temperature is 7.5 Mel 10C, and the highest temperature is 35C. When the temperature is lower than 7.5℃, the germination process stops; when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the germination process is slow; when the temperature is more than 35 ℃, the germinated seeds will gradually lose their vitality. The transplanting period of tobacco should generally be after the late frost, the air temperature is not less than 10 ℃, and the ideal daily average temperature of leaf maturity is about 24C, which lasts for 30 days, which can produce high quality tobacco leaves.

2. Moisture: generally, water is needed in the early stage of growth, the most in the middle stage and less in the later stage. The soil moisture should be kept at about 70% of the field capacity in the seedling stage, and the water supply should be stopped for 15 days before transplanting. Transplanting to the seedling stage, the leaf transpiration was small, and the average daily water consumption was 3.5ml 6.4mm. From seedling return to rosette stage, the average daily water consumption is 6.6 Mir 7.9 mm, and the soil moisture should be kept at 60% of the field capacity; below 40%, the growth is hindered, and the root growth is poor, which is disadvantageous to the later growth. From the group plant to the budding stage, the average daily water consumption is 7.1 Mel 8.5 mm, and the soil moisture should be kept at 80% of the field capacity. In this period, if there is a lack of water, the growth is hindered, and if there is a long-term drought, there will be early flowering or early drying. From budding to mature stage, the average daily water consumption is 5.5mur6.1 mm, and the soil moisture should be kept at 60% of the field capacity. In this period, the soil moisture should be slightly less, which can improve the quality of tobacco leaves; if too much soil moisture, it is easy to cause delayed ripening and quality decline.

3. Sunshine: tobacco always needs enough light, but most varieties are not strict with the length of sunshine. In the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, sufficient sunlight is required, but not very strong, and the appropriate light time per day is 10 hours per day, especially in the mature stage, sufficient sunlight is a necessary condition for the production of high quality tobacco leaves. Tantian, which is rich in short-wave component and warm in light, is beneficial to improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

4. Soil: although tobacco can grow on many types of soil, it has strict soil requirements for the growth of high-quality tobacco. Laterite is the best, followed by red loess, sandy soil and mixed soil, while fluvo-aquic loess (black soil) is the worst.

5. Weather phenomena: strong wind and hail weather do more harm to tobacco than any other crop, whether in the seedbed or field stage, it may bring serious losses. Therefore, tobacco cannot be planted in areas where strong winds and hail often occur during the tobacco growing period.