Tobacco growing technology

First, before accelerating germination, tobacco seeds should be dried in the sun of 15 ℃ for 3 days; second, the best transplanting period in Huang-Huai tobacco area should be finished before Qingming Festival and Grain Rain. The planting density should be controlled at 1200 / mu 1300 trees per mu, and plastic film mulching should be used to plant tobacco. Third, the mature characteristics of tobacco leaves are: the leaf changes from green to yellowish green, the hairs on the leaf surface fall off, and the angle of the stem and leaf increases (approximately 90 degrees). The main veins of the upper, middle and lower leaves are white before they can be harvested and baked.

1. Seedling raising: before accelerating germination, tobacco seeds should be dried in the sun of 15 ℃ and 20 min for 3 days to improve the germination energy and germination rate of tobacco seeds. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, one is to adopt the new technology of raising seedlings with double-layer film paper tube, the diameter of the paper tube is not less than 4 cm, the height is 6Mel 7 cm, there are 625 seedlings per square meter, and a nursery bed of 10 square meters can be used for planting in 4 mu tobacco fields. The second is to prepare nutritious soil, using 60% of the field soil and 40% of the decayed pigsty manure as the substrate, requiring about 0.8 Mel 1 cubic meter of nutritious soil for each bed, and then mixing 4 kg of compound fertilizer after disinfection. Third, timely early sowing and early transplanting can increase yield by 20% and quality by 25%. The Huang-Huai tobacco-growing area should be sown from around the Beginning of Spring to mid-February. Fourth, seedbed management, due to the low temperature when sowing, vulnerable to low temperature harm, in accordance with the requirements of tobacco seedling growth on temperature and humidity, timely control. Generally, the seedlings are carried out twice, the first time after the "cross stage", the seedling distance is 1.5ml, 2cm, and the second time (fixed) is carried out when the seedlings have 5 true leaves, and the seedling distance is 6ml. 8cm.

2. Transplanting: timely and early planting is a key link in the production of high quality tobacco. The best transplanting period in Huang-Huai tobacco area should be finished before Qingming Festival to Grain Rain. The planting density should be controlled at 1200murl 1300 plants per mu. Planting tobacco with plastic film mulching can not only increase temperature and moisture, but also improve drought and waterlogging resistance of tobacco plants, and prevent black violence of tobacco leaves. If it rains thoroughly before transplanting, it can be covered with plastic film in time after the rain to preserve soil moisture and increase temperature. If there is no rain, bring sufficient bottom water when planting tobacco, and cover the plastic film strictly after planting tobacco (if you plant tobacco before and after the Qingming Festival, you can cover the plastic film first and then expose the seedlings because of the low temperature, and then cut the plastic film when the temperature is stable, take out the tobacco seedlings and seal the film at the root to prevent water loss).

3. Field management: the most prominent problem in flue-cured tobacco production is the contradiction between yield and quality. Generally speaking, the higher the output, the worse the quality, but it is not that the lower the output, the better the quality. Therefore, the management should make great efforts to stabilize the output and ensure the quality. ① appropriate amount of fertilization: mainly based on base fertilizer, using the new technology of balanced fertilization. Before transplanting, the amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer per mu was 6 kg for low fertilizer field, 5 kg for medium fertilizer field, 4 kg for high fertilizer field, and the suitable ratio of N, P and K fertilizer was 1:2:3. When fertilizer deficiency was found in the middle and later stage, foliar spraying was used to top fertilizer. ② timely irrigation and drainage: in the case of drought in tobacco fields during the critical period of tobacco water demand, spraying 1Mel twice can increase the yield by 8.1% 43.1% and improve the quality. If the tobacco field is waterlogged for 2 days, the yield will be reduced by 47.8%. Attention should be paid to clearing ditches and drainage in low-lying tobacco fields or rainy seasons. ③ pay attention to ploughing and soil cultivation: timely ploughing under drought conditions is of great significance for soil moisture conservation and water storage. Ploughing in time after rain can reduce soil moisture, increase soil permeability, increase soil temperature and promote root growth. Ploughing can also eliminate weeds and reduce diseases and insect pests. The timely cultivation of soil combined with mid-tillage can promote the development of new roots, expand the ability of absorbing water and fertilizer, help drainage and waterlogging prevention, and enhance the ability of drought resistance and wind resistance. ④ timely topping and debranching: topping and debranching can not only increase the yield by 31%, but also the main way to improve the quality of tobacco. Topping should be finished twice according to the number of leaves left, to promote the neatness of tobacco plants, the growth of yellow consistent, and conducive to baking. The branches should be clean in time. ⑤ strengthens the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: give priority to prevention, the combination of chemical control and artificial killing.

4. Harvest: mature harvest is one of the important links in the production of high-quality tobacco. The mature characteristics of tobacco leaves are as follows: the leaf changes from green to yellowish green, the hairs on the leaf surface fall off, and the angle of stem and leaf increases (approximately 90 degrees). The lower leaf main vein is white, the middle leaf branch vein is white, the upper leaf main branch vein is white, and the macula appears on the leaf surface before it can be harvested and baked.