Introduction of the latest cultivation techniques of Peanut covered with plastic Film

Peanut is a common kind of crop, which has high economic value. Now more and more farmers use plastic film mulching cultivation to cultivate crops. Today, the editor will introduce the latest cultivation techniques of peanut plastic film mulching.

First, select excellent varieties

The selection of improved varieties of peanuts should be selected according to local conditions. For the growth period of more than 130 days, it is appropriate to select mid-late maturing varieties, such as Yaguan 1 and Luhua 10, etc., with a growth period of 120-130 days, and mid-maturing and mid-precocious varieties, such as Yamei 2, 3 and Yamei 406. Early and very early-maturing varieties, such as Sijiehong and Baisha series varieties, should be selected when the growth period is less than 120 days.

II. Rational crop rotation

Peanut like stubble land, continuous cropping and cropping will lead to peanut plant dwarf, prone to diseases and insect pests and other phenomena, therefore, it is necessary to adopt a reasonable rotation system. The suitable rotation crops for peanuts are Gramineae, such as corn, wheat, millet and sorghum. Legume crops are prohibited as previous crops. The rotation period is 3 to 4 years.

III. Land selection and land preparation

The neutral sandy soil with better water and fertilizer conservation capacity and loose and thick soil is the best. Low-lying land, sandy bag land, water leakage and fertilizer leakage, and barren land with strong sandy soil should not be selected. It is best to use autumn rake for soil preparation, with a depth of more than 20 cm, fine rake, cuddle flat, clean stubble and stone.

Fourth, increase manure

Combined with soil preparation, the planned amount of fertilizer should be applied to the field at one time. Fertilization is mainly based on agricultural fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, to achieve the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. General mu application of high-quality farm fertilizer 4000-5000 kg, calcium superphosphate 1.0-1.5kg, ammonium sulfate for 7-10 kg.

Fifth, make beds

Most of them are planted in two rows with wide beds. The border has a distance of 100 cm, a width of 70 cm, a height of 8 to 10 cm and a spacing of 30 cm. After the border is flattened, the film mulching operation can be carried out.

VI. Film mulching

(1) Film preparation: the plastic film used is 0.005-0.009 mm thick, 1 m wide and 4-4.5kg per mu.

(2) spraying: spray the border surface evenly with 48% Lasso EC 0.25-0.3 kg per mu and 50-75 kg water before covering the film.

(3) Film mulching: cover the film immediately after spraying, flatten and tighten the film when covering the film, so that the film and the border surface are closely bonded, and the soil is pressed tightly around the border surface, pressing a sliver of soil every 2 to 3 meters to prevent the strong wind from lifting the film.

7. Sowing seeds

The main results are as follows: (1) seed treatment: seed treatment before sowing can not only promote seed ripening, improve seed germination power and germination rate, but also ensure neat emergence of seedlings and achieve complete and strong seedlings. The steps of seed treatment are as follows: drying seeds, selecting seeds, soaking seeds, accelerating germination and sowing seeds.

(2) sowing time: planting peanuts with plastic film mulching, sowing 10 to 15 days before the final frost, that is, from late April to early May, when the average temperature was above 13 °C.

(3) sowing density: two rows per row, large seed row and hole spacing of 40 × 17 cm, about 3000 holes per mu, medium seed row and hole distance of 40 × 16 cm, about 8000 holes per mu, and small seed row and hole spacing of 40 × 15 cm, about 8800 holes per mu. When sowing, sow 2 seeds or 1-2 seeds alternately in each hole.

(4) sowing method: use a stick about 4 cm in diameter to punch the hole and take out the film in the hole, sow the buds downward, and then seal the sowing hole with wet soil to form a small mound of soil.

VIII. Field management

(1) protecting film to preserve soil moisture: after sowing, always check whether the film is damaged and ventilated, if you find it, use soil pressure in time and block it strictly.

(2) check seedlings and replant: when seedlings are unearthed, the emergence of seedlings should be checked frequently. When it is difficult for seedlings to arch the soil, the soil can be removed, and after the seedlings are drawn out, the sowing holes should be sealed tightly.

(3) remove weeds: remove the weeds in the seedling eye in time after emergence, press the soil to the weeds in the film, press the apple when you see the apple, and remove the soil after the grass dies. Weeds in the furrow should be eradicated by ploughing.

(4) controlling overgrowth: if overgrowth occurs after peanut plants are closed, 50ppm paclobutrazol aqueous solution can be sprayed on the leaves, 50kg per mu, which can inhibit overgrowth.

(5) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: ① leaf rot and leaf spot: in the early stages of the disease, spray 1-200 (cupric sulfate: quicklime: water) double Bordeaux solution, or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution 2 times 3 times every 10 to 15 days. ② grub, mole cricket: use 2.5% trichlorfon powder 1.5 to 2kg per mu, mix it into poisonous soil, combine soil preparation and ridging into soil control. ③ aphids: when the spot occurs, spray 1000-1500 times with 40% dimethoate EC or 1.5% dimethoate powder 1.5 kg per mu.

IX. Harvest in time

When the top of the peanut stops growing and the leaves turn yellow or begin to fall off, most of the peanuts are ripe. In the north, it can be harvested in the middle and late September, so that a piece can be harvested and dried in a small shop in the field for 2-7 days. When the pods are shaken, they can be removed. After peanut harvest, the waste film should be recycled timely and thoroughly to prevent soil pollution.

Although the cultivation technique of plastic film mulching of peanut is easier to obtain high yield than ordinary cultivation, more cultivation details need to be paid attention to in order to get better growth of peanut covered with plastic film.