Cultivation Technology of Mushroom Strain

Mushroom is a very popular fungus in the market, and strain is the key to mushroom production. Excellent strains can be used in a variety of cultivation scenarios. Take Pleurotus ostreatus as an example to see the mushroom cultivation technology.

1. Nutrition: in the process of growth and development, the main nutrients needed are carbon sources, such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, sugar and so on. These substances mainly come from cotton husk, sawdust, rice straw, corncob and its crop straw and other materials.

two。 Temperature: the temperature required for vegetative growth and reproductive growth of mushrooms is different. The temperature range of mycelium growth is 5-23 degrees, and the most suitable temperature is 24-28 degrees. The most suitable temperature for fruiting body formation is 13-20 degrees, the growth is slow below 10 degrees, and it is not easy to produce mushrooms above 25 degrees. In the temperature range of mushroom emergence, the higher the temperature is, the faster the mushroom grows, but the cover is thin, the quality is poor, and the color is light; when the temperature is low, the mushroom grows slowly, but the cover is thick, the quality is good, and the color is dark.

3. Humidity: the water content of mushrooms is more than 90%, and water is the main content. Water is a necessary metabolic environment for mushrooms to decompose and absorb all kinds of nutrients in the culture medium. Only substances that can be dissolved in water can enter the mycelium cells, be absorbed and utilized. In the stage of mycelium growth and development, the water content in the culture material is 60-65%, and the relative humidity of the culture site is less than 70%. During the fruiting body growth period, the water content in the culture material is 65-70%, the air relative humidity is 85-95%, less than 80% of the fruiting body grows slowly, and the edge of the cap is dry and cracked upward. If it is higher than 95%, the cap is prone to discoloration and decay. When the water content in the culture medium is less than 55%, the mycelium grows slowly or stops, and the fruiting body cannot be formed. if the water content in the culture medium is higher than 70%, the mycelium often stops growing due to lack of oxygen, resulting in the pollution caused by the rancidity of the culture material.

4. Air: the growth and development of mushrooms need fresh air, and the mycelium has a strong tolerance to carbon dioxide. It can still grow vigorously when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the culture medium reaches 10-15%, and the hyphae are inhibited when the concentration is more than 20%. However, the formation and growth of fruiting bodies are very sensitive to the concentration of carbon dioxide. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mushroom shed reaches 0.3%, the stalk grows and the cap is underdeveloped. When the concentration of carbon dioxide reaches 1%, it is difficult to form mushroom buds.

5. Light: in the mycelial growth stage, Pleurotus ostreatus does not need light, and the mycelium grows best and fastest under the condition of complete dark temperature and constant temperature. This is mainly because the blue-purple light in the light wave can inhibit the hyphae of Pleurotus ostreatus. In the mushroom stage, the environment needs a certain amount of scattered light to read the newspaper normally in the mushroom place. The role of light is to induce mushroom and cap development, studies have shown that: complete darkness can not form mushroom buds; lack of light, it is easy to grow deformed mushrooms with long stalks and small covers; mushroom buds can only be formed and grow normally under suitable light. But strong light can hinder the normal growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. When growing Pleurotus ostreatus in caves or basements, sometimes the stalk bifurcates and the mushroom cover does not stretch normally, which is also due to lack of light. The color of the mushroom cover is also closely related to the light, the color of the mushroom cover is dark when the light is strong, and light when the light is weak, but the cultivation in cold winter can be illuminated by strong light.

6. Acidity and alkalinity: mushroom adapts to a wide range of PH values in the culture medium and can grow between PH4-PH9, but PH5.5-7 is suitable. Organic acids will be produced in the process of cultivation material steaming or fermentation and mycelium growth, which will decrease the PH value of the culture medium. Therefore, magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate are added as buffers to reduce the change rate of PH value and stabilize the pH value.

Mushrooms are delicate, a careless one may affect the growth of mushrooms, and may even cause strain pollution and no harvest. If the technology is not up to standard, it is not recommended to grow mushroom strains.