Forage planting technique

Forage grass is mainly used for raising livestock, the growth ability is very strong, can be harvested many times a year, forage grass is rich in nutrition, is an important source of livestock and poultry feed. So what are the forage planting techniques?

I. seed selection

The selection of forage seeds should follow the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, and the main varieties suitable for livestock and poultry breeding in this area should be selected to ensure the basic needs of livestock and poultry breeding. It is necessary to consider whether the selected seeds adapt to the climatic conditions, soil conditions, fertilizer and water conditions of the region. If the difference is too large, it will lead to poor forage growth, decrease in yield, and even lead to planting failure. It is necessary to strictly control the individual seeds to ensure that the selected forage seeds are full and have a high purity. At the same time, the state of the forage seeds meets the corresponding cultivation requirements. In order to improve the germination rate of the seeds, before sowing, the seeds with high dormancy rate and poor purity should be broken by mechanical treatment, warm water soaking treatment, chemical reagent treatment, drying treatment and thermal treatment. Removal of impurities in seeds, combined with seed coating technology, to achieve the purpose of improving the emergence rate.

Second, sowing time and skills

The sowing time should be selected according to the climatic conditions, soil moisture, forage variety characteristics and utilization methods in this area. Temperature is the first factor, as long as the soil temperature rises to the lowest temperature needed for seed germination, and the soil moisture is good, sowing can be carried out. When planting perennial forage varieties, the overwintering problem of forage grasses in cold areas should also be taken into account. The sowing depth is mainly the thickness of covering soil, and the specific thickness should be determined according to the forage species and germination ability, and it should not be too deep to avoid suffocation caused by cotyledons that cannot be unearthed. Usually, the soil cover of small grain varieties is 1 cm thick, while that of medium grain varieties should not exceed 4 cm thick. In addition, the sowing depth should also take into account the quality of the soil, the light soil is slightly deeper and the clayey soil is slightly shallower. The amount of sowing should be based on the principle of proper sowing and reasonable close planting, and the amount of sowing is related to seed specificity, sowing mode, sowing time and other factors. In general, the sowing amount of large seeds is more than that of small seeds, the amount of grass used for grass harvesting is more than that of grass harvesting, and the amount of seeds sowed by sowing is more than that of strip sowing, while strip sowing is more than hole sowing. The sowing rate should be increased in the case of poor seed quality, soil conditions, climatic conditions and so on.

III. Field management

1. Break the soil consolidation. The reasons for the formation of soil surface layer are roughly as follows: first, there is heavy rain after sowing, and then a large amount of soil surface water evaporates to form a stratified layer on a continuous sunny day; second, the topography of the sowing area is low-lying, resulting in the formation of a stratified layer after continuous sunny days; third, the soil is moist during sowing, which destroys the soil surface moisture balance after sowing, and forms a stratified layer after soil surface water evaporation. Fourth, irrigation is carried out after sowing, and then continuous sunny days cause a large amount of soil surface water to evaporate to form a stratified layer. In several cases, it is basically because the soil surface water evaporates and can not be replenished in time to form a consolidation layer. To break the consolidation layer, we can choose short-toothed rake tools to slightly rake the ground, and then cooperate with clean irrigation with small water to break the hardening to help forage seedlings unearthed and survive.

two。 Control weeds. The soil preparation should be carefully put in place before sowing, and the tractor with short teeth Harrow or ploughing Harrow or artificial hoe should be used to thoroughly remove weeds, sundries and residual plants of diseases and insect pests in the previous year, reduce the source of disease and cut off the route of transmission. Intertillage weeding is best carried out during the period from seedling emergence to ridge closure.

3. Irrigation in the field. The irrigation water of forage grass and ordinary farmland irrigation water should meet the national irrigation water standard, and clean and available water sources must be selected for sprinkler irrigation. The irrigation frequency is determined according to the soil water content. When the water content is higher than 80%, it not only does not need irrigation, but also needs to open ditches and drainage in time to prevent rotting roots; when the water content is less than 50%, it needs timely irrigation.

4. Control of diseases and insect pests. The prevention and control of forage diseases and insect pests should adhere to the principle of "prevention and comprehensive control". Through the investigation of overwintering eggs and quarantine of herbage diseased plants, the selection of suitable forage varieties is the first choice for disease resistance and pest resistance of forage grass, and then through soil disinfection and reasonable rotation, once large-scale diseases and insect pests occur, they must be dealt with quickly. All of them were controlled by green prevention and control methods with low toxicity and low residue, such as biological agents, botanical pesticides, physical control and ecological control.

Forage grass is generally planted in a large area, so it is necessary to choose a suitable variety. If it does not adapt to the local climate, the growth of forage grass will often be sparse, which will also affect the development of animal husbandry.