Control methods of Diseases and insect pests in Spring Orchard

After the cold winter, most of the pests were frozen to death by ice and snow, and only a few survived. Therefore, this is a good time to prevent diseases and insect pests. Take plum tree as an example to briefly introduce the prevention and control methods of diseases and insect pests in spring orchard.

1. Plum gum disease

This disease is mainly caused by weak tree vigor, inadequate water and fertilizer management and conservation measures.

Control methods:

After the plum tree leaves are fallen off, 300-500 times of sulfur mixture with 3-5 Baume degree is sprayed once before germination, mancozeb is sprayed once in March and April, and the diseased spots of the branches can be scraped off if the gum disease has occurred, and then the diseased spots of the branches are diluted by 30-50 times with 70% methyl thiophanate.

Bacterial perforation of plum

This disease mainly occurred in orchards with poor soil, heavy viscosity, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, heavy wind damage and poor growth of plum trees. The disease usually begins in May to June, and in July every year, the high temperature and humidity in rainy season are the peak period of the disease.

Control methods:

1. Agricultural control: rational fertilization, increase soil organic matter, rational irrigation and pruning, timely moisture removal, enhance tree vigor, improve tree disease resistance; timely removal of diseased leaves, diseased spots and diseased fruits during growing season and dormant period, especially during winter shearing, complete removal of diseased branches, removal of fallen leaves and fallen fruits, centralized deep burial or burning, and elimination of overwintering bacteria.

2. Chemical control: scraping the disease spots with a sharp knife before the tree sprouts, coating a 25-30 degree stone sulfur mixture or spraying a 4-5 degree stone sulfur mixture on the whole plant; spraying the whole garden with 300 billion/g of Pseudomonas fluorescens 8-10 g mixed with 15 kg of water at the early stage of disease in early May, spraying 5000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin solution once every 15 days, alternately using for 3-4 times continuously.

3. Cardia

There are many kinds of fruit borers harming plum fruit, mainly in the period of plum flower dropping and fruit hanging.

Control methods:

1. Agricultural control: occurrence of heavy orchards, fruit hanging period combined with intertillage after the film cover solid tree plate, can effectively prevent adult emergence harm.

2. Physical control: black light lamp is installed on fruits to trap pests, and 2-3 sets are installed per hectare according to terrain; before winter, the larvae of stem bundle grass are trapped to overwinter, and the young insects in spring are taken down and burned; sugar and vinegar liquid pots are prepared to trap adults, and the ratio is 0.5 kg sugar: 1 kg vinegar: 1 kg water.

3. Biological control: orchard installation of sex attractants trap male adults; orchard release Trichogramma.

4. Chemical control: According to forecast, in the fruit borer eggs peak period with 20 ml of Ai Lushi mixed with 15 kg of water spray control.

If the effect of controlling diseases and insect pests of fruit trees in spring is good, it will provide help for the growth of fruit trees in the later stage, which is the basis of fruit harvest. Therefore, every spring fruit farmers will attach great importance to this process.