The Construction and Development of Ecological Agriculture should be raised to the National Strategy

Agricultural and rural issues are still an important part of the 13th five-year Plan. Among them, strengthening the capacity of food security is the content that the country has always emphasized. In the past 11 years, China's grain production has increased by 11 consecutive years, and great achievements have been made in agricultural development.

However, behind the increase in grain production is the increase in grain production in some places at the expense of the environment. In the future, the sustainability of eco-environmental protection and various supporting factors of grain production will bring great pressure on China's agricultural development, especially grain production.

Ecological agriculture is also emphasized in the 12th five-year Plan, and it is proposed to "improve the industrial system of modern agriculture and develop high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe agriculture". Nowadays, the contradiction between agricultural production and ecological environment protection is becoming more and more prominent. This reality further warns us that the concept of ecological agriculture construction and development should be raised to "national strategy".

At present, the output of available chemical fertilizer in China ranks first in the world, and the annual use of available chemical fertilizer has reached more than 51 million tons (pure), accounting for more than 30% of the world's total consumption, and the amount of fertilizer per unit of arable land has reached three times the world average. The research results of Nanjing soil Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences show that every year, 1.235 million tons of nitrogen flows through surface water to rivers and lakes, 494000 tons of nitrogen enters groundwater, and 2.99 million tons of nitrogen enters the atmosphere. These nitrogen causes serious agricultural non-point source pollution, water eutrophication, soil consolidation and other phenomena. At the same time, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases are released to the atmosphere through denitrification, resulting in Greenhouse Effect.

China produces about 700 million tons of crop straw every year, and its nutrients are equivalent to 25% of the current use of chemical fertilizer in the country, but the proportion of straw returning to the field is low. In the long run, a variety of nutrients carried by straw can not be returned to the farmland soil, resulting in the decrease of soil organic matter content and serious imbalance of nutrients. In addition, problems such as air pollution caused by burning straw and water eutrophication and pollution caused by composting in water also exist.

At the same time, China is also a large agricultural country with a serious shortage of water resources, and agricultural water consumption accounts for 70% of the total water consumption of the society. At present, farmland irrigation in China is still lack of scientific and efficient water-saving irrigation conditions, and a considerable part of farmland is still irrigated by flood irrigation, which not only wastes precious water resources, but also seriously affects the local and middle and lower reaches of the ecological environment.

For this reason, the state should pay more attention to the pressure and contradiction between grain production and resources and environment, take the "construction of ecological agriculture" as a national strategy, and vigorously develop ecological agriculture. This means that we should not only ensure grain production capacity, but also protect the ecological environment as well as possible, avoid the damage to the ecological environment caused by agricultural production as far as possible, and make agriculture embark on a road of "ecological, environmental protection, and sustainable" development.

First of all, ecological agriculture is environment-friendly agriculture. That is to say, we should not set the development of agriculture against environmental protection, and only emphasize the increase of grain output, ignoring or ignoring the damage to the environment. Instead, while ensuring grain production, we should try our best to reduce the damage to the environment, and even consider appropriately reducing grain production, so as to improve marginal benefits and reduce environmental pollution.

Secondly, ecological agriculture needs the support of factors, and the production factors supporting agricultural development should be scientific and reasonable. For example, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should not be excessive, the utilization efficiency of water resources should be improved, and the system of rotation, intercropping and even fallow should be adopted, and so on.

Ecological agriculture is sustainable. For example, to determine the target to reduce non-point source pollution, so that non-point source pollution is no longer aggravated; soil fertility, organic matter can not continue to decline; tillable layer can not be thinned day by day; groundwater level can not decline year by year, and so on. This will put agricultural production on a sustainable development track.

In short, the development of ecological agriculture requires a series of innovations and reforms from many aspects, such as "ideas", "technology", "policies" and "measures", involving a wide range of aspects and many influencing factors. This also requires the state to choose major grain provinces to first pilot, after three or five years of pilot, and then comprehensively implement the eco-agricultural development model.

If the land of China is compared to a bearer on a long journey, then the burden on his shoulders is too heavy. In order to enable him to go further, we should lighten the burden from now on. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the state should define the "construction and development of ecological agriculture" as the future development strategy of China's agriculture, so as to make the future agricultural development more sustainable.