Promote the industrialization of comprehensive utilization of straw

Crop straw is a valuable renewable resource. At present, more than 900 million tons of straw are produced in China every year. If it is used reasonably, it will help to improve the content of soil organic matter, reduce non-point source pollution of crops, promote grain production and income, and ensure food security in China. Recently, a reporter from the Economic Daily interviewed Bi Yuyun, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural regionalization of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on issues related to the comprehensive utilization of straw.

Reporter: to promote the industrialization of comprehensive utilization of straw, the most important premise is to collect and store straw resources in order to ensure the effective use of straw resources. How to solve the problem of difficult collection, storage and transportation of straw in our country?

Bi Yuyun: straw dispersion, large volume and low density are the reasons why straw is difficult to collect, store and transport. In China, there are three major problems in the establishment of straw harvesting, storage and transportation system: first, China's straw harvesting, storage and transportation system is still in the initial stage of spontaneous formation, and the development of straw industrialization is lack of reliable straw collection and storage base to be used; secondly, the lack of scientific planning guidance is not conducive to the orderly formation and development of straw collection and transportation network (collection and storage center-storage station-collection and storage point) system. Third, the overall level of technical equipment for straw collection, storage and transportation is low.

From the perspective of future development, it is urgent for our country to establish a perfect straw collection, storage and transportation system. On the basis of meeting the demand of straw returning to the field, according to the needs of the development of straw industrialization, combine straw collection with straw livestock raising, straw new energy development, straw industrial processing, straw edible fungus planting, straw commercial organic fertilizer production and other utilization ways, with planning as the forerunner, rational layout of straw collection, storage and transportation base. The formation of straw utilization enterprises and straw storage and transportation service organizations as the entity, market-oriented promotion of straw collection and storage and logistics system. Complete straw collection, bundling, compression and packaging, drying and storage, rain prevention, fire prevention, transportation and other facilities and equipment to form a stable straw collection and storage capacity. We will actively develop mechanization in the whole process of crop harvesting, crushing and returning to the field, picking up and bundling, storage and transportation, and establish and improve the field treatment system of straw.

Reporter: what aspects should be taken to promote the comprehensive utilization of straw?

Bi Yuyun: technological innovation is a key link in the industrialization of comprehensive utilization of straw, and the weak supporting technology of comprehensive utilization of straw is the bottleneck restricting the large-scale and industrialization development of comprehensive utilization of straw. efforts should be focused on promoting the research and development of key technologies for straw collection and utilization.

It is suggested that around the key technical bottleneck in the comprehensive utilization of straw, we should organize universities, scientific research institutions and leading enterprises to jointly tackle key problems, carry out research and development of key and common technologies, integrate technologies, and strengthen the development of machinery and equipment. introduce, digest and absorb foreign advanced equipment and technology suitable for the situation of our country, and improve the technical level of comprehensive utilization of straw. Break through the deep-seated technical obstacles such as straw ethanol, straw polysaccharide monosaccharide and straw starch production, and improve the added value of straw comprehensive utilization. Speed up the establishment of a supporting technical standard system, and form a technical system that connects with the comprehensive utilization of straw, adapts to the development of agricultural technology, combines with agricultural industrial management, and matches agricultural equipment as soon as possible. Speed up the establishment of industry standards, product standards and quality inspection standards for straw-related products, and realize the standardization of production equipment, products and process operation.

Reporter: how to ensure that the funds for the comprehensive utilization of straw are in place?

Bi Yuyun: special funds for comprehensive utilization of straw should be set up, with emphasis on subsidies for straw collection, storage and utilization, so as to form a multi-level, multi-channel and diversified investment mechanism guided by financial investment, with the input of enterprises and farmers as the main body. Bring the agricultural machinery and tools of comprehensive utilization of straw into the scope of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, and appropriately increase the amount of subsidies. We will further increase investment support for the development and promotion of new technologies and equipment for the utilization of straw. The comprehensive utilization of straw is wide, and it is far from enough to rely on local investment. Judging from the national demand in the next 10 years, the comprehensive utilization capacity of straw needs to be increased by more than 150 million tons, and the total investment of the project reaches hundreds of billions of yuan, which is difficult to complete only with a small amount of financial support from local governments and social investment.

At present, the financial support of local governments is mostly aimed at the work of banning straw burning. For example, Shandong Province mainly supports highways, railways and airports. It is suggested to speed up the establishment and improvement of the input mechanism at the central, provincial, municipal and county levels. Financial support should be given to the comprehensive utilization of straw.