What are the kinds of diseases and insect pests of Xiangkou mushroom (brown mushroom)? How to prevent and cure it?

Xiangkou mushroom, also known as "brown mushroom", is famous at home and abroad for its rich flavor, delicious taste, thick fungus, rich nutrition and unique flavor, and is known as "the pearl of prairie, the king of mushrooms". However, its growth and living conditions are relatively airtight, dark and humid, which can easily cause the occurrence of diseases, insects and mites and destroy the original value. So what are the kinds of diseases and insect pests of Tricholoma (brown mushroom)? How should we prevent and cure it?

1. Ghost umbrella. Diseases such as crystal ghost umbrella, hairy ghost umbrella, black sweat ghost umbrella and dung ghost umbrella often occur and common in the cultivation of Tricholoma mushroom. The harm of ghost umbrellas will occur 15 days after sowing, because the growth rate of ghost umbrellas is obviously faster than that of Tricholoma, which encroaches on the water and nutrients in the culture material, resulting in a reduction in the yield of Tricholoma. It is difficult to distinguish between the mycelium and the mycelium of Tricholoma thunbergii before the fruiting body is exposed. In order to avoid the occurrence of ghost umbrellas, in the process of fermentation, it is necessary to prevent the culture materials from being not fresh and not thoroughly fermented, and the nitrogen content in the culture medium is too high. Therefore, the culture materials should be fresh and not mildew, so as to avoid the introduction of miscellaneous bacteria, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen should be reasonable, and the water content in the materials should be appropriate. Once ghost umbrellas occur in the mushroom bed, they should be pulled out in time before opening the umbrellas to prevent basidiospores from spreading.

2. Green mold. Green mold is one of the main hazards in the production of Tricholoma mushroom, which occurs 2-7 days after inoculation, mainly manifested in that the hyphae do not germinate, the wheat grains turn green, and even spread to the whole sowing layer after sowing. The reason is that the air humidity in the production site is high and the temperature is high.

Its prevention and control method is: strengthen ventilation, cooling, reduce humidity, serious cases need to open the green part of the inoculation layer to remove, re-sowing, also known as replanting.

3. Dead mushroom. In the mushroom house, the mushroom buds withered, yellowed and finally died, sometimes in batches. The causes are: when the fruiting body is only the size of sesame or soybeans, if the mushroom room encounters a high temperature of more than 23 ℃ and takes a long time, it will make the fruiting body die in batches; when the cold air comes, the mushroom bed uses a lot of water, which increases the temperature difference between the culture material and the overlying soil layer, reduces the metabolic ability of the fruiting body, and causes the fruiting body to die; accidentally damage the surrounding mushrooms during picking, resulting in local death.

Prevention and control methods:

According to the climatic characteristics, ① should reasonably arrange the sowing season to avoid sudden high temperature during high temperature and mushroom production, and should stop using water on the bed and ventilate at night.

② never uses a lot of water after the cold air comes.

When ③ is picking mushrooms, hold the mushroom cover and turn it and pull it up again, so as not to lift the surrounding soil cover.

4. The thin skin opens the umbrella early. The phenomenon of thin skin opening umbrella early is that the fruiting body handle is thin and the cover is thin. This kind of mushroom is of poor quality. The causes are as follows: raw material, thin material layer, too dry, too thin soil cover, insufficient water content, high mushroom density, high temperature, fast fruiting body growth, early maturity and dry bed.

Prevention and control methods:

The ① culture material is moderately mature, the paving material should not be too thin, and the covering soil should not be too thin or too dry.

② prevention and cure mushroom is too dense, not sprinkler tide.

During the peak period of ③ mushroom production, the mushroom room should be ventilated in the morning and evening or at night, reduce the room temperature, appropriately increase the moisture on the surface of the covered soil, and improve the air humidity in the mushroom room.

5. Water rust spots. There are rust spots on the mushroom lid. The cause of occurrence: after the fruiting body of Mushroom was unearthed, the bed surface was not ventilated in time, the air humidity of the mushroom room was too high, and there was often stagnant water on the surface of the mushroom body; during the mushroom emergence, the air was humid and muggy, and the temperature of the mushroom room was higher than 18 ℃, it was more suitable to occur.

Control methods: pay attention to the ventilation of the mushroom room after spraying water during the mushroom period, and the doors and windows can not be closed until the water droplets on the surface of the mushroom body evaporate.

6. Maggot damage. The insect is the main pest such as mushroom and Pleurotus ostreatus. The larvae harmed the hyphae and fruiting bodies, and the mushroom buds yellowed and atrophied and died. after the fruiting bodies were unearthed, the larvae concentrated on the mushroom roots or spread to the whole mushroom body, making the mushroom body reddish, which affected not only the yield but also the quality.

Prevention and control methods:

① should do a good job in environmental hygiene and burn or bury the remains of mushrooms in time.

② installed window screen in the ventilation hole of the door and window of the mushroom room to prevent ten thousand worms from sneaking in.

③ chemical control. Small cotton balls or strips of cloth stained with dichlorvos solution are hung from vents and mushroom beds in order to expel adults.

④ light trap. Put an iron basin containing dichlorvos aqueous solution under the electric lamp to lure and kill adults.

7. Mite damage. Mites belong to arachnid phylum arachnida. Young mites can feed on the mycelium of Tricholoma thunbergii from the beginning, which is the most harmful, which reduces the rate of finished products and greatly reduces the yield and quality. Harmful features: feed on the mycelium and, in severe cases, eat up the mycelium and young fruiting body.

Prevention and control methods:

① should do a good job in environmental hygiene, and the environment of strain culture room and edible fungus cultivation field should be clean and hygienic, and miscellaneous bacteria pollution should be eradicated.

② timely disposal of waste bacteria bottles, timely retting or deep burying of waste, put an end to mite breeding places.

③ syrup trapping: sugar water mixed with dichlorvos and in the soil, placed on plastic film near the mushroom bed, in order to lure mites to eat sugar.

In short, to deal with mushroom diseases and insect pests, we must "give priority to prevention, comprehensive control", and stifle the diseases and insect pests in the "cradle" in order to achieve high, stable and pollution-free harvest!