How to grow high quality fruit

Balsam pear has heat-clearing and detoxification, diuretic and other functions, has been loved by the broad masses of the people. Many farmers will plant some balsam pear, so how to grow balsam pear with high quality and high yield? Let's take a look.

I. site selection

Balsam pear prefers plots with thick soil layer, good fertilizer and good drainage and irrigation. Therefore, when we choose to plant balsam pear plots, we should choose those with higher terrain, more convenient drainage, rich in organic matter, soil, loose and fertile land.

II. Varieties

When we were growing balsam pear. It is best to choose those with good adaptability, high resistance to diseases and insect pests, more female flowers and longer fruiting period. Good varieties with thick pulp, so that the balsam pear you grow will sell better.

Third, seed treatment and germination

According to the local environment and conditions, choose the better local varieties. After selecting the seeds, break the shell of the seeds and soak the seeds in warm water of 58 ℃ for about 15 minutes. When the water temperature drops to 30 ℃, soak for another nine hours or so.

After the seed is removed, rinse its mucus with clean water, then wrap it in a wet cloth and put it under the condition of about 30 ℃ to promote germination. When you see the seeds with 50% white tips, you can sow and raise seedlings.

4. Sowing and raising seedlings

When vegetable farmers are cultivated in spring, they are usually carried out in the greenhouse. When cultivating seedlings, we can use nutritious soil to cultivate them, so that the seedlings will grow better.

The preparation method of nutritious soil is as follows: 50% of rotten organic fertilizer and 50% of loose soil, sift them and stir them well, then you add 0.1% Rue 0.2% superphosphate and 0.3% plant ash, stir them evenly and set aside.

Before sowing, we should water the soil first. After sowing, we should cover it with 1cm thick culture soil, and then cover it with a small arched shed to keep warm and wet. Remember to keep the temperature in the greenhouse between 30 and 35 ℃ after sowing. By the time 70% of the seedlings were unearthed.

You are adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to about 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-20 ℃ at night, watering when you see the soil a little dry. We adopt the principle of controlling temperature and not controlling water at the seedling stage, and then you timely add 1-2 times foliar fertilizer according to the growth of the seedlings, spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate each time.

When you see that the seedlings have thrived, you gradually lower the temperature in the greenhouse until you lift all the greenhouse film and refine the seedlings a few days before planting.

5. Transplanting and fixing seedlings

When the seedlings of balsam pear grow to five leaves, you can transfer the seedlings to the field and plant them in the field. Late April is the most suitable transplanting period, with 1600 to 1700 seedlings per mu.

VI. Base fertilizer is very important.

If you want your balsam pear to grow better, applying the base fertilizer is one of the key steps. Before planting, you need to apply the base fertilizer together with the ploughing soil, so that the fertilizer in the soil will be more uniform.

When applying base fertilizer, we can use some rotten manure and urine fertilizer. About 5000 kilograms of manure and urine fertilizer are needed for one mu of land. When applying rotten manure, we can mix with some other element fertilizers, about 40 kilograms of nitrogen, 50 kilograms of phosphorus and 30 kilograms of potassium.

Only when there is enough fertilizer, will balsam pear grow more vigorously, but there is one thing we should pay attention to, that is, when you apply farm manure, you must remember to use it after it is ripe.

VII. Plant management

1. Build bracket: balsam pear seedlings grow faster in the early stage, when balsam pear begins to draw vines, you should set up the "human" bracket. The fixed pole should be a bamboo pole with a diameter of about 2.5m long and 3cm. In the early stage, you have to tie the vine manually to assist the melon seedlings on the shelves.

two。 Thinning the branches: after setting up the bracket and binding the vines, because the balsam pear vines grow faster and there are many branches. Perhaps many farmers who grow balsam pear will think that the more vines, the more fruit they will bear. But this idea is wrong, because the result of balsam pear is mainly on the main vine and secondary side vine.

For the third-and fourth-grade vines that appeared later, there are not many results, and even some of them only bloom male flowers. If you do not remove the vines in time, it will affect the melon-setting rate. Because these vines will compete with the main and lateral vines for nutrients, so you must cut off those excessive vines in time during the flowering period of balsam pear.

3. Pruning and forking: after the balsam pear is on the bracket, melons can not be left below the main vine 50cm. We have to remove the female flowers, which is conducive to the overall development of the plant. After sitting on the main vine with 6-7 melons, only about 6 leaves are left to top.

4. Pollination: maybe many farmers who grow balsam pear will not pollinate their own balsam pear. They think they can pollinate with the help of insects. But if you allow them to pollinate naturally, it will affect the melon production rate of balsam pear. If the flowering period is longer and there is heavy rain, the petals will easily wither and fall, so there will be no worms to help pollinate.

5. Sparse young melons: if the pollination rate is also very high, then there will naturally be a lot of fruit, but the nutrition that a plant can provide is very limited. If you produce a lot of young melons on a plant, you should sparse melons appropriately. If there are too many young melons, then the rate of expansion will slow down, and eventually it will be very small when it is ripe.

VIII. Water and fertilizer management

Because balsam pear grows faster, consumes more nutrients, and the temperature in the middle and later stages is too high, in order to meet the demand for water and fertilizer for plant growth, we must do a good job in the management of water and fertilizer.

1. Watering management: when planting balsam pear, you should give it enough planting water, and then generally control the water for about 10 to 15 days during its vine-shaking period, which can prevent overnutrition from growing too fast, about 15 days later. Balsam pear will enter the time of flowering and fruiting, at this time, in order to promote fruit growth, you need timely watering.

When you water balsam pear, you should try to water the fruit without watering the flowers, do not flood, try to water with small water frequently. In the flowering period, if the weather is not dry, there is no need to water, in the fruit should be watered a little. Do not flood irrigation, otherwise it may cause soil consolidation, which will make its air permeability worse, thus affecting the absorptive capacity of the root system.

two。 Fertilization management: balsam pear results in the early days when the external temperature is relatively low, so the main task of farmers is to grow strong roots, when watering should apply some low-content compound fertilizer with high humic acid content.

When balsam pear enters the full fruit stage, the plant has a great demand for nutrition. at this time, you can increase the amount of fertilization. In each mu, you should apply about 30 kg of ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer for 2-3 times in a row.

When balsam pear is in the later stage, because its root system begins to age and its absorptive capacity becomes worse, the melon setting rate of the plant will begin to decline. at this time, you should reduce the number of watering and the amount of fertilization. about 10-15 kilograms of fertilizer per mu of land will be fine.

IX. Pest control

Balsam pear diseases and insect pests are also more, the most common are Fusarium wilt, slow blight, powdery mildew, black spot, melon fruit flies, aphids and so on. When you find that there is something wrong with the plant, you should remove the residual, rotten and diseased leaves in time.