The Construction path of China's Agricultural Modernization

In different resource endowment conditions and development stages, the development path of agricultural modernization is also different. According to international experience, agricultural modernization in developed countries is based on the inherent requirements of science and technology, intensification, efficiency and ecology. China's agriculture is faced with some problems, such as small operation scale, extensive mode, low production efficiency, low degree of specialization and so on. In order to accelerate the process of agricultural modernization, it is necessary to innovate the main body of agricultural management, production mode, circulation mode of agricultural products and financing system.

First of all, cultivate various forms of agricultural management main body, build a new type of agricultural management main body system.

At present, the agricultural operation in China is mainly small-scale and scattered family operation, with small scale and low degree of intensification, which leads to the restriction of capital and cost in the popularization of agricultural science and technology. Due to the existence of urban-rural dual economy, the aging of the labor force and the hollowing out of rural areas are becoming more and more serious, and the problem of who will farm in the future is also very prominent. Therefore, the cultivation of multi-form new agricultural management main body and the construction of a new agricultural management main body system have become the premise of promoting the modernization of agriculture in our country.

To cultivate a new type of agricultural management subject, we should aim at intensification, organization and socialization. On the basis of household contract management, we should vigorously develop new types of agricultural operators, such as family farms, professional large households, farmers' professional cooperative organizations, leading enterprises, and agricultural investment group companies. Agricultural Investment Group is a comprehensive agricultural enterprise integrating financing, investment, management and operation. Seize the opportunity of the central government to promote land reclamation reform, set up agricultural investment group companies, allocate resources, promote the development of reclamation areas, and improve comprehensive benefits.

The basic national conditions of great differences in the level of rural development determine that in the process of cultivating new types of agricultural operators, it is necessary to promote multi-forms, multi-ways and differences according to the regional natural conditions and the level of economic development. Under the condition of land transfer, farmers' land joint-stock cooperatives can be developed on the basis of land transfer to effectively avoid the problem of small scale. In the case of no transfer of land, we can also achieve the cultivation of the main body of appropriate scale operation. For example, explore ways such as land trusteeship to expand the area of production and operation; through leading enterprises to sign orders with farmers or cooperatives, carry out production in accordance with standards and requirements, and achieve economies of scale.

Secondly, a new agricultural production system is constructed based on specialized production and standardized production.

The agricultural production mode dominated by scattered families has low economic benefits and small scale, so it is difficult to cope with mass procurement; the level of standardization is low, and it is difficult to adapt to the high threshold of the large market. The new agricultural production system based on specialized production and standardized production can find a closely linked link between farmers' decentralized management and large market competition, from agricultural production to sales, and it is also an effective way to promote the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and industrialization.

Agricultural specialized production is an important guarantee for promoting agricultural standardized production. We should not only gather superior agricultural industries according to local conditions and form a specialized industrial layout, but also introduce modern industrial development concepts and organizational methods such as industrial chain and value chain into agriculture, extend the industrial chain, build the supply chain, form the value chain, and improve the interest connection mechanism.

At present, the decentralized small-scale production and management of China's agriculture divided into villages, households and fields cannot guarantee the requirements of standardized production of products. We must explore and establish specialized production models, gradually develop appropriate scale economic operation, popularize new forms of specialized agricultural production, such as company + peasant household, joint-stock cooperative system, farm system, and so on, and form a large-scale agricultural pattern of "leading enterprise + base + peasant household + standardization" as soon as possible. Finally, a new agricultural production system based on specialized production and standardized production will be formed to promote the process of agricultural modernization.

Thirdly, improve the backbone network of agricultural products circulation and promote the construction of agricultural products circulation system.

At present, there are many links in the circulation of agricultural products in our country, the cost is high, the product quality is not guaranteed, the loss is large, and the efficiency is low, which leads to the coexistence of "difficult to sell" for farmers and "expensive to buy" for residents. To solve this problem, it is necessary to innovate the circulation mode and circulation format on the basis of perfecting the backbone network of agricultural product circulation, promote the combination of e-commerce and physical circulation, and realize the seamless docking of production and circulation.

We will improve the backbone network of agricultural products circulation and form a modern agricultural product market circulation system with backbone wholesale markets as the core, agricultural products distribution enterprises and chain supermarkets as supplements, and modern logistics service system as support, so that agricultural products can be connected with major supermarkets and production bases, so as to realize the seamless connection between producing areas and sales, production and circulation. The first is to build a number of backbone wholesale markets with reasonable layout, advanced trading methods and complete functions, develop new circulation organizations such as chain supermarkets, direct sales and distribution, and establish a multi-level, multi-format and multi-mode market system for agricultural products; the second is to speed up the construction of logistics facilities such as storage, processing, transportation and distribution of agricultural products, and establish a modern logistics service system for agricultural products. The third is to vigorously support agricultural products distribution enterprises and build a community platform for direct marketing of agricultural products. We will vigorously set up various types of professional cooperatives, encourage a new industrial model of "distribution centers + farmers" and "processing enterprises + rural commodity circulation organizations + farmers", and develop farmers' cooperative transportation and marketing organizations and intermediary organizations such as intermediate wholesalers. Fourth, speed up the construction of an information-based trading platform. Take the e-commerce of agricultural products and the Internet of things as an important channel, platform and direction for the sale of agricultural products, forming a seamless network connection of agricultural products, markets, merchants and consumers.

Finally, innovate the operation mechanism of agriculture-related funds and improve the agricultural financing system.

The insufficient supply of agriculture-related funds seriously restricts the popularization of agricultural science and technology and the improvement of agricultural scale and efficiency, which is the crux of restricting the development of modern agriculture. Although the pattern of diversified sources of agricultural funds in China has initially taken shape, due to the existing investment and financing system arrangements in rural areas and the imperfect dynamic mechanism of market subjects, the channel between agricultural financial demand and supply is still not smooth enough. it has become one of the most important factors restricting agricultural modernization.

To innovate the operation mechanism of agriculture-related funds, it is necessary to establish a modern agricultural investment and financing system, which is led by the government, based on the market, and coordinated by the government, enterprises, non-governmental organizations and farmers. First of all, enrich the main body of rural financial fund supply and solve the problem of insufficient capital supply. State-owned commercial banks, policy banks, and rural credit cooperatives should not only fulfill their responsibilities and obligations to support agriculture, increase agriculture-related loans, smooth the "aorta" of rural financial services, but also relax market access and develop small and micro financial institutions. we will promote the development of a new type of rural cooperative finance and enrich the "capillaries" of rural financial services. Secondly, we should innovate the way of capital supply and open more ways for farmers to find funds. We will innovate the methods of mortgage guarantee in rural areas, improve micro-credit loans to farmers, and actively develop and innovate various forms of loans such as farmers' joint insurance and securities pledge. In addition, pay attention to give full play to the synergistic effect of financial policy and finance in supporting agriculture. Through the top-level design, we should straighten out the relationship between the powers and responsibilities of the central competent departments in the allocation of financial funds, start the clean-up and integration of central special funds, and improve the system of authority and expenditure responsibility. we will form a unified policy system for supporting agriculture focusing on agricultural science and technology, agricultural ecology, and agricultural efficiency, improve the efficiency of the use of agriculture-related funds, and promote the process of agricultural modernization.

(author: school of Economics and Trade, Hunan University)