Seed cultivation techniques

The seed cultivation techniques of different crops are different. For example, asparagus seed cultivation techniques include variety selection, seedling cultivation, planting, field management, harvest, garden pruning. Among them, clear garden pruning is the most important, at this time asparagus stalks have all withered, it is necessary to thoroughly clear the garden, timely pull out dead stems, remove deciduous weeds, focus on burning, in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

I. seed cultivation techniques of Paeonia lactiflora

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Turn the land 45 centimeters deep, apply about 2000 kilograms of rotten organic fertilizer per mu and turn it into the ground, raking fine and leveling, making a flat bed 1.2m wide.

2. Methods of reproduction

Mainly use bud head propagation, can also use seeds to raise seedlings (the method is the same as peony). Bud head reproduction, in the harvest, select plants with few and strong stems, hypertrophic leaves, long and thick roots, and fat and few bud heads. After planing, the root is cut off and processed into medicine, and then the lower part of the rhizome (commonly known as pimple head) is cut off, and the lower part of the rhizome is 2cm (can not leave the old root) ramets, each plant has 2 or 3 bud heads, which can be cultivated after cutting. The planting period is from "White Dew" to "Cold Dew", before and after "the Autumn Equinox". According to the row spacing 40 cm 50 cm, plant spacing 30 cm 40 cm, dig 6 cm 9 cm hole, put 1 plant in each hole, bud head up, cover soil cover flat, slightly suppress. Then, a mound with a height of 9cm and 12cm is cultivated above to prevent wind, drought and frost to ensure the safety of the seedlings through the winter.

3. Field management

(1) weeding and watering

There is no seedling in the same year after planting, and there is no need to manage it in winter. Before and after the "sting" in the coming year, hoe and loosen the soil to preserve soil moisture, so as to facilitate seedling emergence. Dry land is ditched and watered between rows, hoe when there is grass after emergence, hoe after rain and watering, and drainage in time during the rainy season. Before and after "Frosts Descent", the stems and leaves on the ground withered. At 6-9 cm from the ground, the stems and leaves were cut off and burned, and a mound of 9-15 cm was planted at the base of the plant in order to survive the winter safely.

(2) topdressing

In the same year after planting, there is no need for topdressing if sufficient base fertilizer is applied. Topdressing 2-3 times in the second year after planting, and applying 2000 kg rotten ring fertilizer per mu before turning green in spring. During the peak growth period from May to July, 1015kg of urea per mu was applied and watered after application. In the third year after planting, around March 20, 5080 kg of cake fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 25 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu, ditched and watered without touching the roots.

4. Diseases and insect pests

The main results are as follows: (1) Paeonia lactiflora root rot is transmitted by seedlings or bacteria in soil, and stagnant water after rain is easy to cause the disease. Attention should be paid to the selection of well-drained land, disease-free seedlings, storage of peony head, selection of ventilated and dry places in storage, crop rotation, strengthening field management, not damaging roots during hoeing and paying attention to drainage after rain.

(2) Leaf mildew of Paeonia lactiflora mostly occurred from June to July, harming all parts of stems, flowers and leaves, brown nearly round spots and irregular laminae appeared on the leaves, and the leaves dried up gradually and withered in severe cases. At the initial stage of the disease, 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 200 × 250 Bordeaux solution was sprayed every 10 to 14 days, continuously for 3 times.

(3) the root-knot nematode dipped into the root tip of the plant to absorb the juice to form root nodules, the main root became deformed, the aboveground leaves withered, affected the plant growth, and died in large areas in severe cases. The planting plot does not choose the land of the previous stubble peanut family, not continuous cropping, but should be rotated with Gramineae plants. 15% Avi can be used during the onset period. Butyl sulfur microemulsion is irrigated or sprayed with 75-120 ml per mu.

(4) the main pests are grubs and copper beetles. The medicinal soil made of 3% phoxim granule 3kg / mu, together with 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder 2 kg mixed fine sandy soil 10 kg each, was sprinkled in the planting ditch when sowing or planting, and then planted or planted. Control all kinds of underground pests and control root rot and nematode diseases.