Where is the origin of Guoguang apple?

Guoguang apples are mainly produced in Yanqing County of Beijing, Gaizhou of Liaoning Province, Chengde County, Pingquan County and Kuancheng County of Hebei Province, among which "Chengde Guoguang Apple" has been approved by AQSIQ as the national geographical indication protection product of the people's Republic of China. So, what are the planting techniques of Guoguang apple?

1. Soil

Because Guoguang apple is generally cultivated on sloping land with thin soil and no deep ploughing for many years, the tree plate soil should be deeply turned over in the rainy season, green manure should be applied, and organic fertilizer should be applied in autumn to improve the content of soil organic matter. improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and enhance the ability of soil fertilizer and water conservation.

II. Fruit tree management

Young trees can be intercropped with green manure or dwarf crops, such as peanuts and soybeans, but the crops must be kept at a distance of 50-10cm from apple trees. It is forbidden to plant crops between the rows of trees during the full fruit period, and the soil management mainly adopts the methods of clear tillage and grass mulching. Guoguang apple orchards in arid mountainous areas, which lack irrigation conditions, mainly advocate the implementation of grass mulching method, which is covered with weeds and straws under the tree crown or the whole orchard, with a thickness of 15-20cm. After decay, deep ploughing and soil improvement are carried out and replenished year by year. Grass mulching has the functions of increasing soil organic matter, killing grass, no-tillage, anti-freezing and improving soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions.

II. Fertilizer and water management

The base fertilizer should be carried out before harvest of Guoguang apple, usually from late August to the first and middle of September, per 667m per year, and the mature base fertilizer 5000kg was applied to the orchard. Early application of basal fertilizer is beneficial to the accumulation of storage nutrients, early restoration of tree potential and improvement of tree overwintering ability, as well as root growth recovery and flowering and fruiting in the second year.

Topdressing is applied on the basis of sufficient base fertilizer to supplement the nutrient demand of apple in each growth period, usually three times a year, that is, several times of topdressing during budding stage, before flowering and before fruit expansion. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used in the early stage to promote tree growth, while phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was used in the later stage, which was beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality. In addition, foliar fertilizer spraying can also be used to instantly supplement the lack of some trace elements.

Irrigation in irrigated apple orchards is mostly combined with topdressing or according to climatic conditions, generally, irrigation should be carried out every time, but orchards without irrigation conditions can be fertilized combined with precipitation.

IV. Disease prevention and control

The main control points of Guoguang apple diseases are apple rot, apple anthracnose, apple ring disease and early apple defoliation. Apple rot is a serious disease in Guoguang apple orchard in arid mountain area. the key point of control is to strengthen fertilizer and water management and strengthen tree potential, the second is to control yield, and the third is to carry out comprehensive control combined with pollution-free chemicals to control the harm of apple rot. The prevention and control of other diseases will not cause great harm to the production of Guoguang apple.

V. Pest control

Guoguang apple pests are mainly peach heart borer, leaf snail, aphid and so on. Focus on forecasting, through pollution-free chemicals to control heart-eating insects, reasonable control of leaf cochlea and aphids, will not affect the production of Guoguang apple.

Guoguang apple has the advantages of strong adaptability, high fruit setting rate, high yield, late ripening and storage, no pre-harvest fruit drop, easy renewal, long life and so on.