Cultivation techniques of flue-cured tobacco

Flue-cured tobacco is the largest type of tobacco cultivated in China and in the world. it is not only the main raw material of cigarette industry, but also used as the raw material of tobacco industry. So what are the cultivation techniques of flue-cured tobacco?

1. Direct seeding cultivation

The direct seeding cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco can save the labor of seedling raising, transplanting and topdressing, shorten the planting time, save peat and seedling tray, and save the seedling greenhouse. It is a patent invented by Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, which was made public by the State intellectual property Office on November 21, 2012. The operation points of this method are as follows:

The first step is to arrange the tobacco field and open the box one and a half months in advance, apply basic fertilizer along the central line of the ridge, then ridge, and wait for Rain Water to replenish the moisture in the ridge until the soil moisture is sufficient.

The second step is to punch the hole after the rain stops and apply plant ash mixed with anti-underground pest agents into the hole.

The third step is to sow seeds in holes, sowing 1 grain in each hole, and then spray transplanting agent into the hole until the plant ash and coated seeds are moist and covered with plastic film.

The fourth step is to break holes in the film when the seeds germinate and grow to two leaves in one heart, fertilize again when the tobacco seedlings reach the 20cm height, apply fertilizer into the root holes of the tobacco plants, fill the holes with soil, uncover the film and cultivate the soil when the tobacco plants reach the 50cm height, control diseases and insect pests, top and sprout in time, harvest and bake in time after maturity.

2. Floating seedlings

Tobacco floating seedling is a modern seedling raising technology which can be used for large-scale, professional and commercial seedling production, with many key technologies, complex working procedures, high management requirements and difficult to master key details. If the operation is not in place, the quality of the floating seedlings is low, and the stress resistance is poor. Tobacco seedlings carry disease, affecting the production of tobacco leaves.

1. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer. The principle of pool water management is "shallow first and then deep". After sowing, the temperature is low, and the depth of the pool water should be controlled at about 5 cm. After the Great Cross, as the temperature rises, the water in the pool should gradually deepen to 10-15 centimeters. The principle of fertilizer management is "less first and then more". When the first fertilization occurs when the first true leaf appears, the fertilization is calculated on a plate of 25 grams per plate. The nutrient liquid fertilizer must be dissolved first, and then mixed into the pool water; the second fertilization is carried out when the third true leaf appears, and the amount and method of fertilizer application are the same as that of the first time, the depth of the pool water is 10-15 cm; the third fertilization, about 15 days after the second fertilization, at this time, tobacco seedlings will generally appear obvious fertilizer deficiency phenomenon, and the appropriate amount of fertilizer application is 20 grams. Fertilization should be flexible, according to the depth of leaf color, appropriate amount of topdressing.

2. Strengthen the management of temperature and humidity. The suitable temperature for seed germination and growth is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ and 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ respectively. Make sure that the temperature is not above or below the lower limit temperature and the upper line temperature. Should pay attention to the observation of the thermometer, timely heat preservation and cooling management, ventilation is generally carried out at noon when the temperature in the shed is higher than 28 ℃, in the afternoon to close the shed to keep warm; when the temperature drops suddenly, it is necessary to cover the strict greenhouse film and sunshade net, and cover the cover for heat preservation. After the second leaf cutting, the shed should open the greenhouse film, gradually remove the sunshade net, large and medium shed open ventilation doors and windows, so that tobacco seedlings gradually adapt to the external environment, to achieve the purpose of seedling refining. Due to abnormal weather changes, it is necessary to flexibly control temperature and humidity management.

3. Strengthen the management of inter-seedling, fixed seedling and leaf cutting. When the tobacco seedlings grow to the small cross stage, the seedlings will be carried out, which can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and ensure the uniformity of the tobacco seedlings. Pre-seedling operators should prepare disinfection facilities and utensils and disinfect all objects that can come into contact with tobacco seedlings in time. At first, the diseased seedlings and weak seedlings were removed, and then the extra strong tobacco seedlings were used to fill the hole to ensure that there was one tobacco seedling in each hole. Leaf cutting should be carried out timely to adjust the relationship between the root system of tobacco seedlings and the growth of stems and leaves. The disinfection measures before leaf cutting should be strict, and the disinfection should be in place. The first leaf cutting is carried out when the tobacco seedlings grow to 5 true leaves, and the fast-growing tobacco seedlings are subtracted by 1 stroke 2. The purpose is to "control the size and promote the small" and promote the growth of tobacco seedlings neatly and consistently. After that, the leaves were cut every 6-7 days, and the leaves were cut 3-5 times to ensure the coordinated growth of the aboveground and underground parts of tobacco seedlings. Scraping the root system with bamboo slices to scrape off the root system with bottom holes to improve the toughness of the stem and promote the development of the root system. The leaves and root residues cut each time should be cleaned up, and pesticides should be sprayed in time before and after cutting tobacco leaves, and sterilization should be carried out in time.

4. Strengthen the management of forged seedlings. When tobacco seedlings enter the seedling stage, the ventilation and light transmission conditions should be improved, the pond water should be filled, and the seedlings should be forged by cutting off fertilizer. Uncover the greenhouse film on the shed, and open the doors and windows of the large and medium shed to make the seedling color green to light green. The seedling ponds with thick green leaves should be replaced to ensure that the rate of strong seedlings should be improved.

5. Strengthen the control and management of diseases and insect pests. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", and carry out prevention and control mainly by eliminating pathogens and controlling disease conditions. The disinfection of seedling site, seedling shed, substrate and seedling tray must be done well. once the pathogen center is found, it should be cleared in time, and control agents should be sprayed at the same time to prevent spread.

III. Pest control

In order to ensure the normal growth and maturity of tobacco plants, the configuration and disinfection of cultivated soil should be done well before the beginning of the experiment, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the whole growth stage, so as to strangle the diseases and insect pests in the embryonic stage. Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, spray disinfectants such as "virus Kuaike" to tobacco seedlings, and spray "Dikesong" to the nests of the cultivated soil to prevent the disease in the later stage; immediately after transplanting, the seedlings should be irrigated with "Di Hu Tu Bombyx mori Qing" solution to prevent the silkworms from biting off the roots of the seedlings.

The planting of flue-cured tobacco is time-saving and labor-saving, and the economic benefit is recovered quickly, so it is suitable for development and planting in many rural areas.