Do a good job in the overall planning and top-level design of rural reform

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to deepening rural reform. Since the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, various reforms in rural areas have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner, and the pilot work on some important reform items has been carried out in an orderly manner, making great progress. At present, China's economic development has entered a new normal, with the continuous progress of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and profound changes in rural economy and society. the interests involved in rural reform are more complex, the objectives are more diverse, the influencing factors are more diverse, and the task is more arduous. Rural reform is highly comprehensive, so we must set up systematic thinking, do a good job in overall planning and top-level design, find out the bull's nose and principal contradictions that affect the whole body, and further improve the scientific nature of rural reform decision-making. In order to better guide and coordinate various rural reforms in the overall situation, and to improve the systematicness, integrity, and coordination of rural reform, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council Office recently issued the "Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform" (hereinafter referred to as "implementation Plan"). It defines the general objectives, major principles, basic tasks and important paths of deepening rural reform. The "implementation plan" is the general follow of coordinating and promoting the rural reform, and is the overall "construction drawing" of deepening the rural reform. In accordance with the requirements of the "implementation Plan," we should unremittingly promote rural reform, constantly improve and consolidate the basic socialist rural economic system with Chinese characteristics, improve the system and mechanism for ensuring national food security, promoting the sustainable development of agriculture, and continuously increasing farmers' income, and strive to remove institutional obstacles to the dual structure of urban and rural areas, so as to provide institutional guarantee for speeding up the modernization of agriculture and rural areas with Chinese characteristics.

First, hold the bottom line and enhance the sense of direction of deepening rural reform.

Rural reform is an important part of deepening reform in an all-round way. To do a good job in rural reform, we must grasp the direction as a whole, prevent rural reform from deviating from tone, and avoid making irreparable mistakes in direction. In order to deepen the rural reform, we must adhere to the "three bottom lines" that the nature of public ownership of land will not change, the red line of cultivated land will not be broken, and the interests of farmers will not be damaged. Land is the foundation of farmers' survival, and the reform of land system involves the fundamental interests of farmers and the root system in rural areas. Rural collective ownership based on collective ownership of land is an important form of socialist public ownership and an institutional guarantee for farmers to gradually achieve the goal of common prosperity. In order to deepen the rural reform, we must adhere to the public nature of land. In order to promote the circulation of rural land, we must prevent some people from leasing a large amount of land in rural areas in the name of agriculture to engage in non-agricultural construction and "non-grain" construction, infringe upon the interests of farmers, and affect the protection of cultivated land and food security. For capital going to the countryside, we must establish a standardized and effective access and supervision system, and tie up a good "fence" to guard against risks. In the process of industrialization and urbanization, we must do a good job in the protection of cultivated land, do not allow some people to occupy cultivated land in the name of reform, and resolutely prevent the phenomenon of occupying more and making up for less, occupying the advantages and making up for the inferior, and occupying paddy fields to supplement dry land. If there are mistakes on this issue, we will make a historical mistake that is difficult to correct. I am sorry to our ancestors and future generations. Protecting the material interests and democratic rights of farmers and protecting and arousing the enthusiasm of farmers are the basic principles for the Party to correctly deal with the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. To deepen rural reform, we must take the promotion of farmers' well-being and the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the broad masses of farmers as the starting point and foothold. It is necessary to keep the existing rural land contracting relationship stable and unchanged for a long time, implement collective ownership, stabilize farmers' right to contract, and activate land economic rights, protect farmers' legitimate property rights, equal employment rights, fair access to education and social security rights in accordance with the law, respect farmers' democratic rights, never forget the warmth of farmers, never infringe upon farmers' legitimate rights and interests, and never violate their wishes.

There are many difficult problems to be solved in rural reform. in order to do a good job in rural reform, we must pay attention to the innovation of system and mechanism. The main objectives of comprehensively deepening rural reform are as follows: the protection system of rural collective asset ownership, farmers' land contractual management rights and farmers' property rights is more perfect, new agricultural management system, agricultural support and protection system, agricultural socialized service system, agricultural science and technology innovation system, rural financial system suitable for agricultural and rural characteristics are more sound, and the integrated system and mechanism of urban and rural economic and social development is basically established. The systems of rural social management and rural grass-roots organizations have been improved, farmers' democratic rights have been better protected, agricultural and rural laws and regulations have been further strengthened, and the level of the rule of law at the rural basic level has been further improved. Through the implementation of comprehensive system and mechanism innovation, it is necessary to adjust production relations that do not meet the requirements of the development of rural social productive forces, inject new vitality into rural economic and social development, and raise the level of agricultural modernization and the living standards of farmers. we will ensure that by 2020 hundreds of millions of farmers will enter an all-round well-off society together with the people of the whole country.

Second, play a "combined fist" to enhance the overall sense of promoting rural reform.

Rural reform involves a wide range of areas, and various reforms in rural areas are logically related to each other. Rural reform cannot be carried out by individual soldiers, and only one of them is inferior to the others. It is not possible to "fragment" the reform, sing its own tune and shout its own chants. Rural reform must be planned and implemented as a whole. The reforms in five major areas, namely, collective property rights system, agricultural management system, agricultural support and protection, urban-rural integration system and rural social governance system, play an important role in perfecting the framework of rural system that meets the requirements of socialist market economy. it is necessary to firmly grasp the reform of these five key areas and the relationship between them, and take into account the reform and development of agriculture and rural areas as a whole. We should consider the reform and development of urban and rural areas as a whole, take into account fairness and efficiency, strengthen the convergence and matching of various reforms, and maximize the comprehensive effects of the reform.

First, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the rural collective property right system. Property right system is the basic system of market economy. In the basic economic system of rural areas with Chinese characteristics, there are not only peasant family economy, but also collective economy, cooperative economy and national economy. The rural collective economic system established on the basis of collective ownership of land, which cooperates with the villager autonomy system, constitutes the basic framework of China's rural governance and provides basic support for agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics. Since the reform and opening up, the total amount of rural collective assets has increased greatly, but the problems of unclear ownership of rural collective assets, unclear rights and responsibilities, lax protection and poor circulation have become increasingly prominent. in many areas, the collective economy lacks vitality for development. it is difficult to maintain and increase the value of collective assets, and the interests of collective economic organizations and farmers are not closely linked. To promote the reform of the rural collective property rights system is to steadily promote the reform of the rural land system and carry out the reform of the joint-stock cooperative system to ensure the rights of rural collective operating assets. and to explore an effective mechanism for the collective unified operation and management of non-operating assets that is conducive to improving the ability of public services, with the protection of the rights of members of farmers' collective economic organizations as the core. Focusing on clarifying the ownership of rural collective property rights and giving farmers more property rights, we will explore the effective organization form and management mode of rural collective ownership economy under the condition of socialist market economy. to ensure that the fruits of collective economic development benefit all members of the collective.

The second is to speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system. Agricultural management system is the core and foundation of building modern agriculture. With the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization, the organizational form and mode of operation of agricultural production have changed profoundly, and a variety of new types of agricultural operation and service subjects continue to emerge. "who will farm and who will build modern agriculture" has become a hurdle that cannot be bypassed in the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". To speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system, it is to promote the standardized and orderly circulation of land management rights, strengthen the standardized construction of farmers' cooperatives, innovate the socialized service mechanism of agriculture, train professional farmers, improve the supervision and risk prevention mechanism of industrial and commercial capital leasing agricultural land, promote the reform and development of land reclamation and comprehensively deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives. Take improving the land output rate, resource utilization rate and labor productivity as the core, adhere to the basic position of family management in agriculture, cultivate new agricultural operators such as family farms, professional large households, farmers' cooperatives and leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization, and promote the common development of family management, collective management, cooperative management, enterprise management and so on. To build a three-dimensional and compound modern agricultural management system based on peasant household management, linked by cooperation and association, and supported by social service in line with national conditions and development stage.

The third is to improve the system of agricultural support and protection. Agricultural support and protection is the objective need of the development of modern agriculture. Countries all over the world, especially developed countries, subsidize and protect agriculture. In recent years, with the rapid growth of state financial investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the scope of agricultural subsidies is getting wider and wider, and a relatively complete agricultural support and protection system suitable for China's national conditions has been initially constructed. The policy of agricultural support and protection has effectively promoted the increase of grain production and the income of farmers, and achieved remarkable results. However, due to the weak foundation of China's agricultural development and the large amount of agricultural infrastructure investment, the current support and protection can not meet the objective needs of the development of modern agriculture. In recent years, the cost of domestic agricultural production has risen rapidly, the price of staple agricultural products is generally higher than that of the international market, and the comparative benefit of agriculture is on the low side, so as to ensure that the rice bowl is firmly in our own hands, ensure the safety of agricultural industry, and enhance the competitiveness of our agriculture. Support and protection for agriculture must be further strengthened. As the increase of fiscal revenue slows down and agricultural subsidies increasingly approach the upper limit of "yellow box" subsidies promised by China's accession to the World Trade Organization, agricultural support and protection policies also need to be adjusted and improved. To improve the agricultural support and protection system, it is to establish a stable growth mechanism of agricultural and rural investment, improve the price formation mechanism and market regulation system of agricultural products, improve the agricultural subsidy system, establish a new mechanism for the construction and management of irrigation and water conservancy, deepen the reform of agricultural science and technology, establish a mechanism for sustainable development of agriculture, speed up the innovation of rural financial system, increase agricultural support and protection, and improve the incentive mechanism for agricultural production. We will improve the efficiency of agricultural support and protection, and speed up the formation of an agricultural support and protection system with comprehensive coverage, clear orientation, prominent priorities, matching measures, and simple operation.

Fourth, improve the system and mechanism for the integration of urban and rural development. Promoting the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China. In recent years, the state has adopted a series of policies to strengthen and benefit farmers. As the core part of public resources, public finance continues to expand its coverage in rural areas, gradually extending from pure public goods to quasi-public goods. The pattern of "farmers' own affairs" has been basically changed, and great changes have taken place in the supply mechanism of rural social undertakings and public services. The distribution relationship between the state and farmers has achieved a historic turning point from taking less and not taking more. Since 2010, the income gap between urban and rural residents has narrowed for five consecutive years, and great progress has been made in coordinating urban and rural development. However, the problems of lagging rural development and the excessive gap between urban and rural development are still prominent. China is in a critical period of accelerating the elimination of the dual structure of urban and rural areas, and perfecting the system and mechanism of the integration of urban and rural development. it is to improve the planning system for the integration of urban and rural development, improve the investment and construction and management mechanism of rural infrastructure construction, promote the formation of an institutional mechanism for the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, accelerate the reform of the household registration system, and improve the equal employment system for urban and rural workers. We will coordinate the promotion of urbanization and the construction of a new countryside, speed up the removal of barriers to interests in the dual structure of urban and rural areas, promote the equal exchange of urban and rural elements and the balanced allocation of public resources, and accelerate the formation of a new type of industrial-peasant-urban relationship of promoting agriculture by industry, leading rural areas by cities, reciprocity between workers and farmers, and integration of urban and rural areas.

Fifth, strengthen and innovate rural social governance. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid progress of marketization, industrialization and urbanization, the social mobility of the rural population has become stronger and stronger, and the proportion of rural labor force who has been working outside the country all the year round and is completely separated from agricultural production is becoming larger and larger. More and more people go out with their families and leave the countryside completely, and it is becoming more and more obvious that agriculture is becoming a sub-industry, rural aging and village hollowing out. The scale of left-behind children, left-behind women and left-behind elderly is huge. With the rapid differentiation and reorganization of rural social relations, the accelerated transformation of rural social structure from closed to open, from single to pluralistic, the diversification of rural strata and the diversification of farmers' interests, rural social governance is facing new problems. To strengthen and innovate rural social governance is to strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations, improve the rural grass-roots democratic management system, strengthen the construction of rural spiritual civilization, innovate the system and mechanism of rural poverty alleviation and development, and deepen the reform of rural administrative law enforcement system. adhere to the leadership of the party and government, farmers and social coordination, improve the level of rural grass-roots governance, and give full play to the leading core role of rural grass-roots party organizations. We will improve the democratic system of villagers' self-governing organizations and form a standardized, orderly and dynamic rural governance mechanism.

Third, strengthen guidance and coordination and enhance the sense of action to deepen rural reform

To build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the most arduous and arduous task lies in the rural areas. At present, China's agricultural and rural development is at an important turning stage, facing a more complex environment, more and more challenges to be dealt with, and many contradictions and problems in agricultural and rural development cannot be solved without reform. the material interests and democratic rights of farmers cannot be guaranteed without reform, and the fundamental way out is to strengthen the "short leg" of agriculture and make up for the "deficiency" of rural areas. Party committees and governments at all levels should earnestly enhance their initiative and consciousness in leading, organizing, and supervising rural reform work in accordance with the overall arrangements of the party Central Committee and the State Council. We must adhere to the problem orientation and make great efforts to solve the problems of the most direct and practical interests that the peasant masses are most concerned about. It is necessary to improve the leadership system and working mechanism of party committees and governments at all levels in promoting rural reform, and improve and implement the responsibility system. The principal responsible comrades should personally grasp the rural reform work, grasp the direction and path, strengthen the guidance for the rural reform work, ensure that the reform is successful and make progress, and enhance the broad masses of farmers' sense of identity and achievement of the reform.

To ensure that the rural reform is implemented, first, we should encourage and support local governments to explore and innovate boldly. To set principles and draw a bottom line for rural reform is by no means to bind the hands and feet of all localities, but to point out the direction for reform and achieve a stable pace. The level of rural economic and social development varies greatly in different places, and the existing contradictions and problems are different. To develop modern agriculture and promote the construction of a new countryside, there must be gaps in the starting point, speed in the process, levels, and key points. There can be no unified model. We must give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local governments, not only attach importance to top-level design, overall consideration, and high-level promotion, but also leave enough room for grass-roots exploration and innovation to allow grass-roots cadres and the broad masses of farmers to explore and explore. Only in this way can we control the rural reform at a higher level. The second is to carry out pilot reforms in a down-to-earth manner. It is necessary to formulate a scientific and standardized pilot plan for reform, define tasks and priorities, strengthen responsibilities, define the division of labor, and put forward testable forms of achievements and schedules. Timely summarize and refine the experience that can be replicated and popularized in the pilot reform. The third is to form a joint force to promote rural reform. At the present stage, the rural reform has shifted from the adjustment of interests within rural areas to the adjustment of the interest pattern between workers and farmers, urban and rural areas and national economic departments, which involves more extensive and complex interests. The independence of rural reform has been greatly reduced, and the relevance of urban and rural reform has been greatly enhanced. To promote rural reform, it is necessary to strengthen overall planning and coordination to form an overall joint force to promote rural reform. Fourth, we should do a good job in the supervision and inspection of reform and strive to make the reform measures take root. We should establish an early warning and monitoring mechanism for reform, comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of the reform, and effectively improve the quality of the reform. Fifth, we should do a good job in the connection between rural reform decisions and legislation, speed up the establishment, reform, repeal, and interpretation of relevant laws and regulations, and ensure that major rural reforms are based on the law. (Han Jun, Deputy Director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic leading Group and Deputy Director of the Office of the Central Rural work leading Group)