Cultivation techniques of citrus trees

The orange tree is evergreen all the year round, with dense branches and leaves, neat tree posture, full of fragrant flowers in spring, yellow fruit in autumn and winter, and extremely beautiful yellow and green colors. So what are the cultivation techniques of orange trees? Let's take a look.

1. Orchard

It is required that the soil layer is deep (60 degrees) and fertile, the soil ph value is 5.5-7.0, and the slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning the garden, there shall be necessary roads, drainage and irrigation, water storage and ancillary construction facilities. In specific planning, we should concentrate as much as possible and build gardens in places with good transportation and water sources.

Second, orange tree cultivation

It is generally planted after autumn shoots mature from September to November or before spring shoots sprout from February to March. The density of plant spacing 3m × row spacing 4m was used to plant 55-60 plants per mu. Draw wire and fix distance, dig planting hole, hole depth and width 80cm, then press green manure 50cm deep, backfill soil 40cm high planting; field ridge planting: 8 meters with trench (60-80 cm wide, 40-60cm deep), 2 ridges per box (ridge width 1.5 m, ridge center distance 4 m, ridge height 20-30cm). When planting, the root system of the seedling is appropriately trimmed and placed in the center of the planting hole to stretch the root system and straighten it. While filling the soil, the seedling is raised gently and firmly, so that the root system is closely connected with the soil. Pour enough water on the roots, make a 1m plate around the seedlings and cover it with bran shells.

III. Fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization: orange trees should fully meet the needs of various nutrient elements, and advocate the application of more organic fertilizer, rational application of inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer. Fertilization was guided according to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and phenological phase. Soil fertilization is the main method, combined with foliar fertilization. The methods of ring ditch application, furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilizer application were adopted. Young trees should be fertilized frequently and thinly, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn shoot emergence period, March, May, June, July, September and December, each plant applied 0.4 jin of ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 jin of urea. The annual application of pure nitrogen per young tree for 1-3 years is 100-400g, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.0: (0.4-0.5): 1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized for four times, that is, sprouting fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally speaking, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 jin chemical fertilizer, 1 load of dung water, 1-2 jin phosphate-potassium fertilizer + 1-2 jin chemical fertilizer, 1-2 jin chemical fertilizer + 1-2 jin phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and 50-100 jin organic fertilizer + 1-2 jin chemical fertilizer.

two。 Watering: irrigation when the soil is dry and drainage when stagnant water. Plastic surgery and pruning 1. Principle. According to local conditions, tree pruning, proper promotion and suppression, ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional results.

3. Plastic surgery: plastic surgery (natural happy shape). The dry height is 20-40cm, the main branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk, the angle of the main branches is 30 °- 50 °, and there are 2-3 secondary branches on each main branch. Generally speaking, after the formation of the third main branch, the central trunk of the class is cut off and twisted to one side as the fruiting branch group.

4. Pruning: light shearing is the main. After the elongated branches in the center of the class and the main branches and secondary branches were selected, the elongated branches were cut moderately or severely, and the growth balance among the main branches was adjusted by the degree of truncation and the direction of cutting buds. Except for the proper thinning and deletion of over-dense branches, the inner bore branches and the weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained. In the initial fruiting period, we should continue to select short treatment of all levels of backbone extension branches, erase summer shoots and promote strong autumn shoots. Measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are adopted to promote flowers for prosperous trees in autumn. In the full fruit period, the fruiting branch group, falling flower fruiting branch group and declining branch group should be retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, withered branches, disease and insect branches should be cut off.

IV. Diseases and insect pests

The common diseases and insect pests of orange trees are Huanglong disease, canker, anthracnose, scab and red spiders, rust spiders, leaf moths, shell insects, aphids and other diseases and insect pests. We should do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests according to the actual situation.

The planting of orange trees is relatively simple, but it should be managed according to the growth situation. I hope the above content can help you understand the cultivation of orange trees.