The loss and waste of grain is close to 6% of the total output of the whole year to promote grain saving in our country.

China's grain imports have surged in recent years, reaching nearly 6 percent of domestic production. Under the severe situation of ensuring domestic food security, the grain loss and waste caused by farmers 'storage, storage, transportation and processing are as high as 70 billion jin every year, which is close to 6% of the total grain output of our country, equivalent to the total grain output of Jilin Province in 2014. If the grain waste on the table is included, it will be even more shocking.

On the one hand, grain output is increased at all costs, while on the other hand, there is a large amount of waste. What links do such huge food waste occur in our country and how to control such waste? Solving these problems has great practical significance for easing the tight balance of grain production and marketing and ensuring grain security in China.

Loss of grain during harvest. China's agricultural mechanization harvesting level has been continuously improved, reaching 59.5% in 2013, but the harvesting capacity between different staple crops in different regions is still unbalanced. For example, the mechanical yield rate in the south is lower than that in the north, which often causes rice germination and mildew in rainy days, resulting in a large amount of loss and waste. At the same time, due to the lack of refinement of harvesting machinery design, it also increases the number of food omissions.

Loss of food in the storage process. In 2014, the country's total grain output reached 609 million tons, of which farmers 'grain reserves accounted for more than half of the country's total annual grain output. Due to poor storage facilities, insufficient drying capacity and lack of technical guidance services, the annual loss ratio of grain stored by farmers due to insects, mildew and mice is about 8%. After accounting, the annual grain loss and waste is about 40 billion jin, equivalent to the annual output of a medium-sized grain-producing province. On the other hand, there are nearly 240 billion jin warehouses in grain storage enterprises all over the country, which belong to dangerous warehouses and old warehouses. The storage conditions are poor, and the annual loss exceeds 15 billion jin.

Transportation also leads to food waste. The mode of grain transportation is backward, specialized transportation means are in short supply, and the proportion of bulk grain transportation accounts for only 25%. Most of the grain transportation adopts the traditional grain package transportation mode, that is, the basic use of sacks, plastic woven bags, in the storage link unpacking and storage, to the transit and transportation links and into packaging form, resulting in an average leakage rate of about 5%, far from the loss requirements of 2.5% stipulated by the state. The resulting loss of food amounts to more than 30 billion tons per year.

Over-processing of grain leads to waste. In order to make rice have better commodity value, most processing enterprises will polish rice twice or even many times, which reduces the rice yield, increases the production cost and affects the nutritional value. According to the latest data of the Ministry of Agriculture, the grain loss caused by the processing link in China has reached more than 15 billion jin. According to the calculation of the Rice Branch of the China Grain Industry Association, if the market share of refined rice continues to increase, the maximum loss of rice will reach 40 billion jin, equivalent to about 130 million people's annual rations.

There is serious food waste in the catering industry. According to conservative calculations, from 2007 to 2008, China's food waste alone reached 8 million tons of food protein, equivalent to 260 million people a year; waste fat 3 million tons, equivalent to 130 million people a year.

To promote food savings, it is recommended that the Government consider the following policy measures:

"Grain savings and losses" and "stable grain income" will be treated equally. China's current grain subsidy policy system is easy to cause local officials to focus on how to improve grain output, take grain production and income increase as the performance appraisal target of local government, and pay little attention to the huge waste in the grain industry chain. Therefore, it is necessary to change the previous assessment system and reward and punishment system, not only to assess the grain output quantity in the production area, but also to calculate the consumption rate of grain in the production, storage and transportation and processing links in the region.

Strengthening the construction of institutional system makes grain loss rise to the legal level. Promulgate the Grain Law as soon as possible, and stipulate measures and systems for saving and reducing losses from aspects of strengthening publicity, education and supervision, reducing losses and wastes in the links of grain storage, storage, transportation, processing and catering, and strengthening the research and development and popularization of grain-saving and impairment technologies. Punishing typical cases by law promotes the formation of the concept of food saving and impairment in the whole society.

Increase the input and condition construction of grain saving and impairment. Special funds shall be set aside in the financial budget for the construction of small and medium-sized grain saving and impairment conditions; emphasis shall be placed on supporting the research of grain storage, transportation and processing technologies and complete sets of equipment; the construction of new, expanded and upgraded warehouses in main production areas shall be increased; farmers 'cooperatives and large professional households in main production areas shall be supported to build grain storage facilities with drying equipment, and grain farmers shall be supported to build primary processing facilities such as natural ventilation warehouses, small drying equipment and drying warehouses.

Strengthen the research and development and popularization of grain-saving and impairment technologies. Give full play to the role of modern agricultural technology in grain saving and impairment, further improve the industry standards and technical requirements for grain storage, transportation and processing; large state-owned grain storage, transportation and processing enterprises fully consider engineering construction, equipment manufacturing, technological process, etc. from the perspective of grain saving and impairment, transform and upgrade each link according to actual conditions, promote product upgrading, and give full play to the technological guidance and diffusion role of state-owned enterprises in the industry.

Guide the whole society to form a scientific and reasonable concept of grain consumption. Strengthen the education and guidance of employees in grain production, storage and transportation and processing industries, regularly carry out special education and training on love and dedication, grain return to warehouse and elimination of waste; vigorously advocate simple and pragmatic catering consumption concept, cultivate balanced diet eating habits; strengthen the values of glorious grain saving and shameful grain waste from social guidance, public opinion propaganda, school education and legal system construction.