How to grow dates

Jujube, also known as sea jujube, is one of the most important fruit crops in dry and hot areas. at present, it is planted in a large area in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces.

1. Seed selection and seed treatment

When the ripe fruit is yellow to orange, pick the ripe fruit, remove the peel and pulp in time, wash and pour the seeds into a container containing 500-fold methyl topiramate or carbendazim solution for 30 hours.

2. Sowing and sprouting

The sowing substrate is made of river sand, bran and a small amount of loess in a certain proportion, which is both moisturizing and breathable. Smooth the matrix on the seedbed, pour through the water, sow the seeds, and then cover the river sand with a thickness of 2 cm to 3 cm.

When the seeds are white, they are cultured in a nutrient bag with good permeability (18cm × 9cm). 4 parts of sandy soil, 1 part of ground mushroom soil and 1 part of rice ash are used for nutrient soil. Cover a layer of film under the nutrition bag. Sow 1 seed in each bag with the navel facing down, then cover the sand with a thickness of 1.5 cm, not too thin. Too thin will affect the moisturizing effect. Finally, pour through the water, cover with a shading net, moisturize and accelerate budding, and when the temperature is low in winter, cover the film to keep warm, which is conducive to germination. Ungerminated seeds continue to be carefully managed in the seedbed.

3. Seedling stage management

(1) after sunshade, moisturizing and whitening seeds are put into nutrition bags, 50% sunshade should be built in summer to minimize sun exposure, cool and moisturize, and thin film insulation and moisturizing should be adopted in winter.

(2) Fertilizer and water management when the seedlings grow to 1 or 2 leaves, the nutrients stored in the seeds are basically exhausted. At this point, 0.5% urea solution or compound fertilizer solution is sprayed alternately every 15 days. It can also be combined with spraying, using 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea solution for extra-root topdressing. Keep the nutritious soil transparent and unwaterlogged, so as not to cause rotten roots and dead seedlings.

(3) there are few diseases and insect pests in seedling stage, so it can be sprayed regularly with 500 × 700 times of methyl topiramate or mancozeb.

4. Post-planting management

(1) planting essentials: for the purpose of greening the landscape, the row spacing is 1.5 meters and the plant spacing is 1 meter; the cultivation of commercial fruits is doubled, 2% and 5% male saplings (plant slender) are planted, and the whole soil ball (that is, root water) should be watered for the first time after planting. And spray water on the leaves several times a day in the early days after planting to keep the branches and leaves high wet. However, watering depends on the weather conditions at that time, excessive water will make the roots stagnant, and the roots will rot for a long time.

(2) fertilization and insecticidal: in the pseudo-planting period, when the root absorption function is not strong, spraying foliar fertilizer combined with foliar spraying can promote the growth of jujube seedlings more directly and effectively. Insecticidal bags can be used to kill insects. Insecticidal bags are small cloth bags containing powerful pesticides. Clamping it in the middle of the branches can prevent the occurrence of stem borer and heart borer.

(3) support Fangfeng: after the tree is planted, it is necessary to support Fangfeng. Bamboo poles can be connected vertically and horizontally to work together to resist the wind.

(4) Water management: during the growing period, watering would rather be dry than wet, and the basin soil could be kept moist. Too much watering could easily cause the rot of the lower leaves of the plant, lead to the spread of black spots, and cause the leaves to wither and yellow and even die. Watering 2-3 times a day in summer, when the air is dry in summer and autumn, often spray water to the plant to improve the air humidity of the environment, which is beneficial to its growth and keep the leaf surface dark green and shiny. Properly reduce the amount of water in winter to facilitate overwintering.

(5) Light management: jujube grows faster in high temperature and humidity half-shade environment, afraid of direct sunlight, its leaf color will turn pale or yellow in the hot sun, and scorched leaves and black spots will occur, losing its results and ornamental value. It is more shady, seedling cultivation or growth period, especially in summer and autumn, the general shade is 60%, but it is appropriate to give bright scattered light in winter and spring.

(6) listing trading: seedlings of 3 ~ 5 years can trade fruit trees or commodity landscape trees. in recent years, domestic transactions have been priced at a high price of 15000 yuan per meter. At the same time, it can also grow fruit and make it into other commodities.