Cultivation techniques of jujube

Jujube tree is also known as jujube, jujube, thorn jujube, Guan jujube. Any of several small deciduous trees and sparse shrubs of the genus Zizyphus of the Rhamnaceae, more than 10 meters high, with brown or grayish brown bark. Grows in mountains, hills or plains below 1700 meters above sea level. It is widely cultivated. The following is to introduce jujube cultivation techniques as follows:

I. selection of gardens and planting

Jujube has strong adaptability, but it will grow and develop better under the conditions of loose soil, deep layer and sufficient fertilizer and water. Planting jujube trees on cultivated land in a planned way and implementing jujube-grain intercropping is an effective way to develop three-dimensional agriculture and realize double harvest of jujube and grain. Both sides of the canal road, field ridges and courtyards are good places for the development of jujube trees. It can also be combined with the construction of farmland shelterbelt to build a multi-functional and high-benefit compound forest and fruit industry commodity production base.

The planting season can be in both spring and autumn, but spring is the best. It is usually carried out within a week before jujube sprouting. Planting density: row spacing of jujube orchards is 4-5 m × 5-6 m, 22-33 plants per mu; long-term jujube-grain intercropping row spacing is 8-15 m, plant spacing 4-6 m, planting north-south row. The size of the planting hole is generally 80 cm square, and more than 10 kg of farm manure is applied. The planting depth is the same as the root and neck, while backfilling, stand firm, straighten the seedlings, and irrigate immediately after planting. When planting, the root of the seedling is dipped in phosphate fertilizer mud, which is beneficial to survival.

II. Fertilizer and water management

In order to promote early fruit and early fruit of jujube, the management of soil, fertilizer and water must be strengthened. In Hexi irrigation area, except for winter irrigation, the irrigation times are mostly the same as that of wheat; fertilizing 0.15-0.25 kg of diammonium phosphate per plant, select reasonable crops to facilitate ventilation and light transmission; leave enough tree plates to ensure nutritional area, dry in time after planting and pay attention to pruning.

After thawing, the ⒈ soil was turned deeply within 2 meters around the jujube tree to improve the soil aeration. If you loosen the soil and weed in time, it is easy to turn shallow in spring and deep in autumn.

⒉ applied base fertilizer before freezing in late autumn and topdressing fertilizer before germination in spring. Generally, 50kg fresh jujube per plant was fertilized with 100kg crude fertilizer or 1.5kg nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and 0.5kg potash fertilizer mixed in furrow. When fertilizing, dig a 40 × 40 cm annular ditch 1-1.5 meters away from the trunk to apply fertilizer. 0.5-1 kg of urea per plant was applied by radiation furrow method at flowering stage and young fruit growth stage.

⒊ irrigated before flowering period, fruit setting stage, fruit expansion period and before winter respectively where there were irrigation conditions.

Third, regular pruning

The pruning period of jujube is generally divided into winter pruning and summer pruning. Winter shearing can generally be carried out from defoliation to the flow of branches and leaves in the first year, but due to the long dormancy time, poor healing ability of jujube trees, strong wind in spring and difficult winter shearing, it is generally appropriate from March to April. In other words, spring pruning is better, but it is still called winter pruning. Summer pruning is from late June to early July. After the exuberant stage of jujube head growth, it begins to slow down.