Propagation methods of jujube

The propagation of jujube is mainly based on ramet and grafting. Among them, grafting is mainly wood bud grafting and branch grafting, the grafting technology can be summarized as six key points: "fresh" scion to keep fresh, no water loss. The cutting surface of the "flat" scion should be flat. The cambium of "quasi" scion and rootstock should be aligned. After the "tight" connection is done, it should be tightly tied. The operation speed of "fast" is faster. "Wet" grafting should be buried in soil or covered with plastic bags to maintain humidity.

1. Grafting

The main grafting methods are wood bud grafting and branch grafting (subcutaneous grafting is mostly used in branch grafting). The key points of grafting technology can be summed up as six essentials: "fresh", keep the scion fresh and have no water loss. "flat", the scion should be cut flat. "accurate", scion and rootstock cambium should be aligned. "tight". Tie it up tightly after it is connected. The operation speed of "fast" is faster. "wet", bury the soil or cover plastic bags to keep humidity after grafting. At the same time, the rootstock nursery was irrigated 5-7 days before grafting to make it easy to peel off.

2. Root-cutting

Select the self-rooted plants of good varieties, dig a ditch with a width of less than 30-40 cm and a depth of about 50 cm around the crown before germination, cut off the roots less than 2 cm in diameter, apply organic fertilizer in the root-cutting ditch, and then backfill. Root tiller seedlings can be sent out in the growing season, and in the following spring, root tiller seedlings are dug out and treated with ABT rooting powder or other hormones to be planted back to the nursery to cultivate strong seedlings.

3. Root insertion

At the end of autumn combined with autumn ploughing to pick roots from strong jujube trees, cut to grow 20-30 cm, 1-4 cm in diameter of the root ear, hide sand in the kiln. The following spring trench seedlings, the root ear to tilt 45 angles into the ditch, exposed to the ground 2 cm, immediately watered after insertion. The root and ear is treated with rooting hormone and covered with plastic film, the effect is better.

4. Tissue culture

As of 2008, Gansu Province has achieved results in tissue culture. The scientific research and extension departments of the Horticulture Department of Gansu Agricultural University in Wuwei, Jingtai and Jiuquan have the technology, equipment and conditions for producing tissue culture seedlings.

Based on the analysis and study of several factors for in vitro rapid propagation of jujube, the shoots and stems of early spring hydroponic culture were selected as the most suitable explants for in vitro rapid propagation of jujube. The starting medium was H94+IBA0.1 mg / L + NG15 mg / L solid medium with H66 nutrient solution. The subculture medium was H66+NG20 mg / L + IBA0.1 mg / L, and the average increment coefficient was 4 after subculture for 30 days. The rooting medium was H94+NG3-8 mg / L + IAB0.1 mg / L, and the rooting rate was 90%. After 20 days in the tissue culture room, the seedlings were cultured in the solar greenhouse for about 10 days, then opened the bottle cork for 3-4 days, and transplanting with Qinghe sand transition transplanting method, the survival rate reached 96%.

When the test-tube plantlets grow on the rooting medium for about 20 days, the height of the seedlings reaches 4-6 cm and there are more than three roots, they are re-cultured in the solar greenhouse for about 10 days, open the bottle cork and refine the seedlings for 3-4 days. Transplanted on the sterilized seedling bed (the seedling bed method is the same as the green wood cutting seedling bed method in the experimental method), the transplanting depth is 3 cm, and the survival rate can reach 96%.

It is easy to survive by using the root system of tissue culture seedlings as cutting material. And field cutting, the conditions are harsh, the roughness should reach more than 1 cm, length 15-20 cm, even if the rooting agent treatment rooting rate is also very low.

5. Cutting

The process of cutting: wet the sand bed before cutting. the wetting standard is that the hole in the sand bed does not collapse after drilling the hole in the sand bed. When cutting, the cuttings are drilled with a small wooden stick and the cuttings are dipped in pulp at the same time. The diameter of the hole is larger than the diameter of the cuttings after dipping, so as to prevent the medicine from being squeezed out by the hole wall and reduce the medicine. Cutting depth is about 3 cm, too deep can easily cause base rot, too shallow, cuttings dumping and root exposure after rooting, cuttings should be squeezed tightly after cutting, so that river sand and cuttings are closely combined.